全健康的起源、内涵及展望

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2022.01.001

中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 1-11.doi: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2022.01.001

全健康的起源、内涵及展望

刘婧姝(), 张晓溪, 郭晓奎^*()

上海交通大学医学院-国家热带病研究中心全球健康学院,上海 200025

收稿日期:2022-01-04 修回日期:2022-01-11 出版日期:2022-01-28 发布日期:2022-01-28
通讯作者: 郭晓奎
作者简介:刘婧姝(1998-),女,硕士研究生,从事全健康治理、卫生政策研究。E-mail： L-Ja-Smine@163.com
基金资助:
上海市卫生健康委卫生行业临床研究专项课题(20194Y0310);美国中华医学基金会资助项目(20-365);国家自然科学基金(82081330517);非营利性组织,由洛克菲勒基金会赞助成立,与美国科学院建立合作伙伴关系

The origin, connotation and prospect of One Health

LIU Jing-shu(), ZHANG Xiao-xi, GUO Xiao-kui^*()

School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China

Received:2022-01-04 Revised:2022-01-11 Online:2022-01-28 Published:2022-01-28
Contact: GUO Xiao-kui
Supported by:
Special Project of Clinical Research in Health Industry of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(20194Y0310);China Medical Board(20-365);National Natural Science Foundation of China(82081330517);Artemis One Health Research Foundation

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着全球一体化进程的加深,在人口流动增加、国际贸易和旅游业快速发展、环境加剧变化等因素的影响下,复杂的健康问题及其所带来的公共危机频繁发生,严重威胁人类健康和动植物种群生存,人们意识到人类健康与动物健康、生态环境稳定之间的紧密联系,新的健康概念和内涵由此产生。在这一健康观念的引导下,人们开始从“人类-动物-环境”健康的整体视角出发,通过多机构、跨学科、跨地域的协同合作,运用全健康理论,意图解决棘手的健康问题。本文从全健康（One Health）的起源、内涵和展望等3个层面对健康和全健康概念进行系统阐述,并提出全健康内涵体系的框架,探讨实现全健康的途径,预测全健康未来的发展方向。

关键词: 全健康, 全健康理论, 全健康治理, 人与自然生命共同体

Abstract:

With the acceleration of globalization, increased migration, the rapid development of international trade and tourism, and the intensified environmental changes, complex health problems and the resulting public crises frequently occur, which population health at serious risk as well as the animals and plants. People became aware of the close connections between human health, animal health, and the ecological system, from which the new concept and connotation of health have emerged. Under the guidance of this new concept, starting from a holistic view of “human-animal-environment” health, and with multi-institutional, interdisciplinary, and cross-regional collaboration, people began to use the theory of One Health to solve complicated health problems. In this paper, we systematically expound the One Health concept from three levels: the origin, connotation and prospect, and propose a framework of One Health connotation system to explore the ways to achieve One Health and predict the future direction of One Health.

Key words: One Health, One Health science, One Health governance, Human and natural life community

中图分类号:

刘婧姝, 张晓溪, 郭晓奎. 全健康的起源、内涵及展望[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2022, 40(1): 1-11.

LIU Jing-shu, ZHANG Xiao-xi, GUO Xiao-kui. The origin, connotation and prospect of One Health[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2022, 40(1): 1-11.

图/表 3

图1

表1

以“全健康”命名或以“全健康”指导实践的政府机构名单（部分）

国家	成立时间	成立以“全健康”命名的机构	以“全健康”理念指导实践
美国
联邦政府	-	美国疾病与预防控制中心（Center for Disease Control and Prevention,CDC）下成立全健康办公室	运用全健康理念指导美国的实践活动
	2019年	美国食品药物管理局（U.S. Food and Drug Administration,FDA）成立全健康促进委员会（One Health Steering Committee,OHSC）	是美国政府部门不同机构在全健康领域研究和实践的协调组织
	-	-	美国国际开发署（U.S. Agency for International Development,USAID）设立全球健康项目（Global Health）,给予全健康项目支持
	-	-	美国农业部、美国CDC、美国NIH等机构合作,运用“全健康”理念指导全美的农业活动
	-	-	美国国家公园管理局用“全健康”理念指导实践活动
各州政府	2013年	-	肯塔基州公共卫生部门、鱼类和野生动物资源部门、农业部门以及联盟政府农业部采用全健康理念指导该州的农业实践活动
	2016年	明尼苏达州全健康抗生素管理合作组织	该组织运用全健康理念增进对抗生素管理的了解,改善人类和动物滥用抗生素现象
	-	田纳西州成立全健康委员会,参与机构包括田纳西州卫生局、田纳西州农业部、田纳西州野生动物资源局、田纳西州环境与自然保护部以及美国农业部,并开设以全健康域名命名的政府网站	健康委员会主要运用“全健康”理念来指导该州在农业方面的实践
加拿大	-	-	加拿大公共卫生局运用全健康理念监测食源性疾病流行趋势、食品安全法规等内容
英国	-	英国环境、食品和农村事务部联合皇家兽医学院等机构成立全健康网络评价平台	英国卫生部、农业部、环境、食品和农村事务部、食品标准局发布《“One Health”报告：关于抗生素使用和抗生素耐药性研究》
阿富汗	-	阿富汗公共卫生部国家公共卫生研究所（Afghanistan National Public Health Institute,ANPHI）和农业灌溉部下动物卫生局联合建立阿富汗全健康中心（The Afghan One Health Hub）,是南亚全健康网络中心（One Health Network South Asia）的构成单位	ANPHI与其他非营利性组织合作,共同开展动物和人类流行病区域培训项目
巴基斯坦	-	巴基斯坦国立卫生研究院和巴基斯坦农业研究委员会联合成立全健康中心（The One Health Hub Pakistan,OHHP）,是南亚全健康网络中心的构成单位	该组织参与对人类和动物均具有影响的流行病的监控
尼泊尔	-	尼泊尔流行病和疾病控制中心（Epidemiology and Disease Control Division,EDCD）、卫生和人口部、农业部联合成立尼泊尔全健康中心（The Nepal One Health Hub）,是南亚全健康网络中心的构成单位	该组织主要负责监控和研究影响人类和动物健康的新发和再发传染病,及相关政策建议
孟加拉国	-	孟加拉国流行病与疾病研究控制所（Institute of Epidemiology and Disease Control and Research,IEDCR）和畜牧业和渔业部联合建立孟加拉国全健康中心（The One Health Hub Bangladesh）,是南亚全健康网络中心的构成单位	该组织主要开展医学和兽医学流行病及其他人兽共患病的研究
印度	-	-	One Health Hub India主要负责监控和研究影响人类和动物健康的新发和再发传染病
斯里兰卡	-	斯里兰卡卫生部、斯里兰卡畜牧业部和农业部联合成立斯里兰卡全健康中心（The Sri Lanka One Health Hub）,是南亚全健康网络的构成单位	该组织主要开展医学和兽医学流行病及其他人兽共患病的研究

表1

表2

以“全健康”命名或指导实践的国际组织名单（部分）

类型	名称	成立时间	内容
以“全健康”命名的组织	One Health Initiative	2006年	由全健康理念推崇者自发建立的组织,其主要目的是在全球范围内宣传和推广全健康理念,并于2008年推出OHI网站
	Artemis One Health Research Foundation	-	是一个非营利性组织,致力于通过研究发病机制和物种之间的传播机制,来制定有效的干预策略,以增进对影响人类和动物健康的传染病的认识
	Connecticut Global One Health Coalition	-	是一个私人、非营利性组织,提供全健康相关课程、实践活动和宣传教育活动
	One Health Commission	2009年	非营利性组织,由洛克菲勒基金会赞助成立,与美国科学院建立合作伙伴关系
	One Health Initiative Task Force	2016年	由美国医学会、美国兽医学会和一些其他专业协会建立
以“全健康”指导实践的组织	EcoHealth Alliance	成立超过45年	是一个全球性关注全健康的非盈利性组织,旨在保护野生动物和人类健康免受疾病侵袭
	Chatham House Centre Global Health Security (CGHS)	2000年	是一位于伦敦的非营利非政府的智库组织,该智库就全球卫生安全向包括WHO、FAO、OIE、联合国和非洲CDC在内的国际组织提供咨询服务
	Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF)	2000年	旨在通过增强发展中国家民间社会力量来加强全球生物多样性物种保护,已经向全球2 400个民间社会组织和个人提供合计超过2.32亿美元的赠款和技术援助
	EcoHealth International	-	是一个非营利性组织
	The Canadian Foundation for Animal Assisted Support Services (CFAS)	2014年开始推广全健康理念	是一个私人、非盈利性质、注册慈善机构。主要提供全健康相关知识的培训、信息交流等服务,资金来自于公共捐赠、赞助、筹款活动
	Connecticut Global One Health Coalition	-	是一个私人、非营利性组织,组织和宣传全健康理念和活动,提供全健康政策建议等
	Comparatively for Tanzania Elites Community Organizers (CTECO)	-	坦桑尼亚一家非政府性全健康研究组织,资金来源主要来自于会员会费及全球减灾民间社会组织网络（Global Network of Civil Society Organisations for Disaster Reduction,GNDR）组织的捐赠,主要面向坦桑尼亚国内社区人群传播和推广全健康理念
	One Health Commission	2018年	Oslo大学倡办,联合全球多方面的专家,共同完成实践为基础的One Health分析文章
	SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute (SDGHI)	2018年	由SingHealth杜克-新加坡国立大学医学院共同成立,利用 SingHealth杜克-新加坡国立大学学术医学中心的优势和专业知识,与其合作伙伴网络合作推进该地区的全球健康活动

表2

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全健康的起源、内涵及展望

The origin, connotation and prospect of One Health

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