多房棘球绦虫原头节体外双向发育的转录特征与潜在关键分子挖掘

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2026.03.003

中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 328-335.doi: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2026.03.003

多房棘球绦虫原头节体外双向发育的转录特征与潜在关键分子挖掘

苏璇¹(), 赖昕¹, 谢俊², 肖合宇¹, 曹伊琳¹, 季笑遥³, 陈军虎¹, 郑彬¹, 胡薇², 周晓农¹, 张颋¹^,²^,³^,^*()()

¹ 中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所（国家热带病研究中心），传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室，国家卫生健康委员会寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室，世界卫生组织热带病合作中心，科技部国家级热带病国际联合研究中心，上海 200025
² 内蒙古大学生命科学学院, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010020
³ 西藏自治区疾病预防控制中心，国家卫生健康委包虫病防治研究重点实验室, 西藏拉萨 850000

收稿日期:2026-02-09 修回日期:2026-03-31 出版日期:2026-06-30 发布日期:2026-05-26
通讯作者: *张颋（ORCID：0000-0001-7383-5090），女，博士，研究员，主要从事寄生虫病防治研究。E-mail：zhangting@nipd.chinacdc.cn
作者简介:苏璇，女，硕士研究生，主要从事医学寄生虫研究。E-mail：suxuan0901@126.com
第一联系人：作者贡献
苏璇、谢俊、曹伊琳负责实验实施，赖昕、肖合宇、季笑遥负责转录组学数据分析，苏璇负责论文撰写，张颋负责实验设计和论文修改，陈军虎、郑彬、胡薇、周晓农提供研究经费和协助指导。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2300800);国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2300804);上海市科学技术委员会专项基金(24DZ2203100);国家卫生健康委包虫病防治研究重点实验室开放课题(2024WZK1002)

Transcriptomic profiling and identification of potential hub molecules during the in vitro bidirectional development of Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces

SU Xuan¹(), LAI Xin¹, XIE Jun², XIAO Heyu¹, CAO Yilin¹, JI Xiaoyao³, CHEN Junhu¹, ZHENG Bin¹, HU Wei², ZHOU Xiaonong¹, ZHANG Ting¹^,²^,³^,^*()()

¹ National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases; NHC Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200025, China
² College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
³ Xizang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lhasa 850000, Xizang, China

Received:2026-02-09 Revised:2026-03-31 Online:2026-06-30 Published:2026-05-26
Contact: *E-mail：zhangting@nipd.chinacdc.cn
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2300800);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2300804);Special Fund of the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(24DZ2203100);Open Project of the National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control(2024WZK1002)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的构建多房棘球绦虫原头节体外向囊泡分化与向体节发育的双向发育模型，解析其转录组特征并筛选关键调控分子。方法采用体外培养体系诱导原头节分别向囊泡分化及体节发育。分别选择早期分化阶段和结构稳定形成阶段作为代表性时间点，利用扫描电子显微镜观察虫体超微结构变化，并以囊泡分化成熟阶段和类体节形成阶段作为发育节点，提取虫体RNA进行转录组测序，以原头节为对照筛选差异表达基因（DEG），并进行基因本体论（GO）、京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）富集分析及蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用（PPI）网络构建。结果向囊泡分化第9天可见虫体边缘膨大、出现囊泡雏形，第30天原头节顶突退化且表面微绒毛减少，囊泡形成率为（34.2 ± 3.4）%；转录组分析显示，第30天检出3 910个差异基因（60.15%下调，2 352/3 910），显著高于第9天（43.79%下调，621/1 418）（χ² = 112.92，P < 0.01），主要富集于膜受体信号转导与跨膜转运等通路，枢纽基因主要涉及蛋白质合成及线粒体能量代谢相关过程。向体节发育第3天头节外翻、蠕动活跃，第15天可见明显的颈部缢缩与后部类体节膨大，类体节形成率为（33.8 ± 2.9）%；转录组分析显示，第15天检出1 520个差异表达基因（57.82%上调，879/1 520），显著高于第3天（51.97%上调，408/785）（χ² = 7.19，P < 0.01），主要富集于细胞周期及无翅型整合位点（Wnt）信号通路，枢纽基因为细胞周期调控相关分子等。结论多房棘球绦虫原头节的双向发育由差异化的转录程序调控，其中，囊泡分化以代谢和膜系统调控为特征，体节发育以细胞周期及Wnt信号为主，揭示了原头节双向发育的分子调控规律。本研究为解析棘球绦虫发育调控机制及筛选潜在干预靶点提供了依据。

关键词: 多房棘球绦虫, 原头节, 转录组, 双向发育, 囊泡分化, 体节发育

Abstract:

Objective To develop a bidirectional developmental model for the differentiation of Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces into vesicles and for the development of somite, decipher the transcriptomic characteristics, and screen hub regulatory molecules. Methods E. multilocularis protoscoleces were induced into vesicle differentiation and somite development using an in vitro culture system. The early differentiation stage and the stable structure-formation stage were selected as representative time points, and changes in the parasite ultrastructure were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The mature stage of vesicle differentiation and the stage of pseudosomite formation were used as developmental time points. RNA was extracted from parasites for transcriptome sequencing, and differential expression genes (DEGs) were screened with protoscoleces as controls. In addition, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was created. Results Swelling of the parasite margin and the visible vesicles were observed on day 9 of differentiation into vesicles, and the protoscolex rostellum degenerated with a reduction in microvilli on day 30 of differentiation into vesicles, with a vesicle formation rate of (34.2 ± 3.4)%. Transcriptomic analysis identified 3 910 DEGs on day 30 of differentiation into vesicles (60.15% of downregulated genes), which was significantly more than that (43.79% of downregulated genes, 621/1 418) on day 9 (χ² = 112.92, P < 0.01). These genes were mainly enriched in membrane receptor signaling and transmembrane transport pathways, and the hub genes were primarily involved in protein synthesis and mitochondrial energy metabolism. Evagination and active motility of protoscoleces was observed on day 3 of development into somite, while obvious neck constriction and posterior pseudosomite enlargement were seen on day 15, with a pseudosomite formation rate of (33.8 ± 2.9)%. Transcriptomic analysis identified 1 520 DEGs (57.83% of upregulated genes) on day 15, which was significantly more than that (51.97% of upregulated genes, 408/785) on day 3 (χ² = 7.19, P < 0.01). These genes were mainly enriched in cell cycle and external factor signaling pathways, and the hub genes were predominantly cell cycle regulatory molecules. Conclusion The bidirectional development of E. multilocularis protoscoleces is regulated by distinct transcriptional programs. Vesicle differentiation is characterized by metabolic and membrane system modulation, whereas somite development is dominated by cell cycle and Wnt signaling, deciphering the molecular regulatory patterns underlying bidirectional development of E. multilocularis protoscoleces. These findings provide the evidence for decoding the regulatory mechanisms of Echinococcus development and for screening potential targets.

Key words: Echinococcus multilocularis, Protoscolex, Transcriptomics, Bidirectional development, Vesicle differentiation, Strobilar development

中图分类号:

R383.33

苏璇, 赖昕, 谢俊, 肖合宇, 曹伊琳, 季笑遥, 陈军虎, 郑彬, 胡薇, 周晓农, 张颋. 多房棘球绦虫原头节体外双向发育的转录特征与潜在关键分子挖掘[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2026, 44(3): 328-335.

SU Xuan, LAI Xin, XIE Jun, XIAO Heyu, CAO Yilin, JI Xiaoyao, CHEN Junhu, ZHENG Bin, HU Wei, ZHOU Xiaonong, ZHANG Ting. Transcriptomic profiling and identification of potential hub molecules during the in vitro bidirectional development of Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2026, 44(3): 328-335.

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多房棘球绦虫原头节体外双向发育的转录特征与潜在关键分子挖掘

Transcriptomic profiling and identification of potential hub molecules during the in vitro bidirectional development of Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces

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