2024年全国内脏利什曼病疫情特征分析

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2025.06.002

中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 749-756.doi: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2025.06.002

2024年全国内脏利什曼病疫情特征分析

李元元¹()(), 周正斌¹, 李中秋¹, 杨丽敏¹, 刘琴¹, 张仪¹^,²^,^*()(), 陈军虎¹^,²^,^*()(), 李石柱¹^,²

¹ 中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所（国家热带病研究中心），传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室，国家卫生健康委员会寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室，世界卫生组织热带病合作中心，科技部国家级热带病国际研究中心，上海 200025
² 上海交通大学医学院-国家热带病研究中心全球健康学院，上海 200025

收稿日期:2025-09-12 修回日期:2025-12-01 出版日期:2025-12-30 发布日期:2025-12-26
通讯作者: *张仪（ORCID：0000000231691823），女，硕士，研究员，从事疾病预防控制研究。E-mail：zhangyi@nipd.chinacdc.cn；陈军虎（ORCID：0000-0002-3765-0248），男，博士，研究员，从事重要媒传寄生虫病的感染与宿主免疫、疫苗研究。E-mail：chenjh@nipd.chinacdc.cn
作者简介:李元元（ORCID：0009-0000-4961-7421），女，硕士，助理研究员，从事疾病预防控制研究。E-mail：liyy@nipd.chinacdc.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2023YFA1801000);国家重点研发计划(2023YFA1801001)

Epidemiological characteristics of visceral leishmaniasis in China in 2024

LI Yuanyuan¹()(), ZHOU Zhengbin¹, LI Zhongqiu¹, YANG Limin¹, LIU Qin¹, ZHANG Yi¹^,²^,^*()(), CHEN Junhu¹^,²^,^*()(), LI Shizhu¹^,²

¹ National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases; Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health; WHO Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200025, China
² School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China

Received:2025-09-12 Revised:2025-12-01 Online:2025-12-30 Published:2025-12-26
Contact: *E-mail: zhangyi@nipd.chinacdc.cn;chenjh@nipd.chinacdc.cn.
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program(2023YFA1801000);National Key Research and Development Program(2023YFA1801001)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的分析2024年我国内脏利什曼病的疫情特征，为制定防控措施和策略提供科学依据。方法收集2024年中国疾病预防控制中心传染病报告信息管理系统中全国内脏利什曼病病例信息，剔除疑似病例、重复病例和皮肤利什曼病病例，采用Microsoft Excel 2016软件建立数据库，并对内脏利什曼病进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2024年我国14个省（自治区、直辖市）的120个县共报告内脏利什曼病病例278例，较2023年的299例减少7.02%。其中77个流行县共报告本地感染病例232例，43个非流行县共报告输入性病例46例。犬源型（山丘型）内脏利什曼病病例225例（占80.93%），野生动物源型（荒漠型）内脏利什曼病病例5例，人源型内脏利什曼病病例2例。报告病例主要分布于山西（108例）、河南（53例）和陕西（32例）等3个省，合计占全国报告病例总数的69.42%（193/278）。77个流行县中，山西省阳泉市平定县（18例）和阳泉市郊区（11例）、河南省林州市（13例）和登封市（11例）、河北省井陉县（12例）为主要流行县，合计报告病例占全国总病例数的23.38%（65/278）。内脏利什曼病复燃流行县主要集中在山西省（榆次区、左权县、太谷区、泽州区、闻喜县、上党区）、河南省（陕州区、卢氏县、殷都区、宜阳县、汝州市）、河北省（元氏县、雄县、下花园区）、陕西省（澄城县、米脂县）和北京市（房山区），共报告本地感染病例26例。内脏利什曼病发病高峰为8月份，男性和女性报告病例数分别为191、87例。报告病例主要分布于45~74岁年龄组，农民占全部报告病例数的53.96%（150/278）。结论我国内脏利什曼病呈低度流行态势，但犬源型内脏利什曼病流行区范围逐渐扩大，应加强犬源型内脏利什曼病流行区的监测和防控。

关键词: 内脏利什曼病, 疫情, 犬源型, 分布, 中国

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of visceral leishmaniasis in China in 2024， so as to provide insights into formulation of visceral leishmaniasis control measures and strategies. Methods Epidemiological data of visceral leishmaniasis cases in China in 2024 were collected from National Notifiable Diseases Reporting Information System operated by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. After excluding suspected cases, duplicates and cutaneous leishmaniasis cases, all data were input into Microsoft Excel 2016, and the epidemiological characteristics of visceral leishmaniasis cases were analyzed using at descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 278 visceral leishmaniasis cases were reported in 120 counties across 14 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China in 2024, with a decrease of 7.02% in relative to in 2023 (299 cases), and including 232 local cases reported in 77 endemic counties, and 46 imported cases in nonendemic counties. There were 225 cases with anthropozoonotic (mountain-type zoonotic) visceral leishmaniasis (80.93%), 5 cases with euzoonotic (desert-type zoonotic) visceral leishmaniasis, and 2 cases with anthroponotic visceral leishmaniasis, and these reported cases were predominantly distributed in three provinces of Shanxi (108 cases), Henan (53 cases) and Shaanxi (32 cases), accounting for 69.42% (193/278) of total cases in China. In 77 endemic counties, Pingding County (18 cases), Suburb District (11 cases) of Yangquan City in Shanxi Province, Linzhou City (13 cases) and Dengfeng City (11 cases) of Henan Province and Jingxing County (12 cases) of Hebei Province had relatively high counts of incident cases, accounting for 23.38% (65/278) of total cases in China. The counties with recurrent visceral leishmaniasis were mainly concentrated in Shanxi Province (Yuci District, Zuoquan County, Taigu District, Zezhou District, Wenxi county and Shangdang District), Henan Province (Shaanzhou District, Lushi County, Yindu District, Yiyang County and Ruzhou City), Hebei Province (Yuanshi County, Xiongxian County and Xiahuayuan District), Shaanxi Province (Chengcheng County and Mizhi County) and Beijing City (Fangshan District), with a total of 26 local cases reported. The incidence of visceral leishmaniasis peeked in August, and there were 191 male cases and 87 femles cases, respectively. The reported visceral leishmaniasis cases were found at ages of 45 to 74 years, and farmers were the predominant occupation (53.96%, 150/278). Conclusion The prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis is low in China; however, the endemic areas of mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis is gradually expanding. Intensified surveillance and management of mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis is recommended.

Key words: Visceral leishmaniasis, Epidemic status, Mountain-type zoonotic, Distribution, China

中图分类号:

R531.6

李元元, 周正斌, 李中秋, 杨丽敏, 刘琴, 张仪, 陈军虎, 李石柱. 2024年全国内脏利什曼病疫情特征分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2025, 43(6): 749-756.

LI Yuanyuan, ZHOU Zhengbin, LI Zhongqiu, YANG Limin, LIU Qin, ZHANG Yi, CHEN Junhu, LI Shizhu. Epidemiological characteristics of visceral leishmaniasis in China in 2024[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2025, 43(6): 749-756.

图/表 5

表1

2024年全国流行区内脏利什曼病病例流行类型及其地区分布

流行类型 Types of endemic areas	省（自治区、直辖市） Province (Autonomous Region, Municipality)	流行县（市、区）（病例数） Endemic counties (cities, district) （No. case）
AVL	新疆 Xinjiang	沙雅县 Shaya County (1), 英吉沙县 Yengisar County (1)
DT-ZVL	新疆 Xinjiang	伽师县 Jiashi County (1), 精河县 Jinghe County (1), 库尔勒市 Korla City (1)，墨玉县 Moyu County (1), 托克逊县 Toksun County (1)
MT-ZVL	甘肃 Gansu	宕昌县 Dangchang County (8), 武都区 Wudu District (3), 礼县 Lixian County (2), 文县 Wen County (2), 舟曲县 Zhouqu County (1)
	山西 Shanxi	平定县 Pingding County (18), 阳泉市郊区 Suburb District of Yangquan (11), 阳泉市矿区 Mining District of Yangquan (9), 浮山县 Fushan County (8), 乡宁县 Xiangning County (8), 盂县 Yuxian County (5), 阳泉市城区 Urban District of Yangquan (4), 襄垣县 Xiangyuan County (4), 尧都区 Yaodu District (4), 高平市 Gaoping City (3), 榆次区 Yuci District (3), 泽州县 Zezhou County (2), 昔阳县 Xiyang County (2), 左权县 Zuoquan County (2), 襄汾县 Xiangfen County (2), 翼城县 Yicheng County (2), 河津市 Hejin City (2), 潞城区 Lucheng District (2), 潞州区 Luzhou District (2), 沁县 Qinxian County (2), 武乡县 Wuxiang County (2), 太古区 Taigu District (1), 大宁县 Daning County (1), 曲沃县 Quwo County (1), 文水县 Wenshui County (1), 绛县 Jiangxian County (1), 闻喜县 Wenxi County (1), 上党区 Shangdang District (1), 屯留区 Tunliu District (1)
	河南 Henan	林州市 Linzhou City (13), 登封市 Dengfeng City (11), 新密市 Xinmi City (5), 新安县 Xin’an County (5), 巩义市 Gongyi City (4), 禹州市 Yuzhou City (3), 陕州区 Shanzhou District (3), 龙安区 Long’an District (2), 殷都区 Yindou District (1), 偃师区 Yanshi District (1), 宜阳县 Yiyang County (1), 汝州市 Ruzhou City (1), 卢氏县 Lushi County (1), 荥阳市 Xingyang City (1)
	河北 Hebei	井陉县 Jingxing County (12), 曲阳县 Quyang County (4), 井陉矿区 Mining District of Jingxing (2), 涉县 Shexian County (1), 鹿泉区 Luquan District (1), 元氏县 Yuanshi County (1), 信都区 Xindu District (1), 雄县 Xiongxian County (1)，下花园区 Xiahuayuan District (1)
	陕西 Shaanxi	华州区 Huazhou District (6), 韩城市 Hancheng City (6), 澄城县 Chengcheng County (3), 延川县 Yanchuan County (2), 延长县 Yanchang County (2), 宝塔区 Baota District (1), 米脂县 Mizhi County (1), 绥德县 Suide County (1)
	四川 Sichuan	黑水县 Heishui County (1), 九寨沟县 Jiuzhaigou County (1), 理县 Lixian County (1)
	北京 Beijing	房山区 Fangshan District (2), 昌平区 Changping District (1)

表1

表2

图1

图2

表3

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主要流行县 Major endemic county	流行类型 Endemic type	病例数 No. case	人口数^a Population^a	发病率/10 000^-1 Incidence rate/10 000^-1
山西阳泉市平定县 Pingding County of Yangquan, Shanxi	MT-ZVL	18	300 448	0.60
河南省林州市 Linzhou City, Henan	MT-ZVL	13	925 300	0.14
河北省井陉县 Jingxing County, Hebei	MT-ZVL	12	250 823	0.48
山西阳泉市郊区 Urban District of Yangquan, Shanxi	MT-ZVL	11	274 541	0.40
河南省登封市 Dengfeng City, Henan	MT-ZVL	11	728 700	0.15

特征 Features	流行区 Endemic area								非流行区 Non-endemic area		合计 Total
	AVL		DT-ZVL		MT-ZVL		小计 Subtotal		非流行区 Non-endemic area		合计 Total
	病例数 No. case	占比/%proportion/%	病例数 No. case	占比/%proportion/%	病例数 No. case	占比/%proportion/%	病例数 No. case	占比/%proportion/%	病例数 No. case	占比/%proportion/%	病例数 No. case	占比/%proportion/%
职业 Occupation
婴幼儿 Infants and young children	0	0	0	0	38	16.89	38	16.39	2	4.35	40	14.39
学生 Students	0	0	1	1/5	8	3.56	9	3.89	1	2.17	10	3.58
农民 Peasants	2	2/2	2	2/5	124	55.11	128	55.17	22	47.83	150	53.96
工人 Workers	0	0	0	0	10	4.44	10	4.31	1	2.17	11	3.96
离退人员 Retired personnel	0	0	0	0	11	4.89	11	4.74	3	6.52	14	5.04
家务及待业 Housework and unemployment	0	0	1	1/5	22	9.78	23	9.91	7	15.22	30	10.79
商务服务 Business services	0	0	0	0	1	0.44	1	0.43	2	4.35	3	1.08
其他 Others	0	0	1	1/5	11	4.89	12	5.17	8	17.39	20	7.19
性别 Gender
男 Male	2	2/2	5	5/5	147	65.33	154	66.38	37	80.43	191	68.71
女 Female	0	0	0	0	78	34.67	78	33.62	9	19.57	87	31.29
总计 Total	2	2/2	5	5/5	225	100	232	100	46	100	278	100

2024年全国内脏利什曼病疫情特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of visceral leishmaniasis in China in 2024

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