烟台市市售海鱼异尖线虫幼虫感染现况调查

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解烟台市市售海鱼感染异尖线虫（Anisakis spp.）幼虫的情况。方法 2016年1月至12月,在烟台市各海鲜市场随机采购不同种类的海鱼,解剖鱼体,查找、分离内脏和肌肉中的异尖线虫幼虫,光学显微镜下鉴定虫种,统计分析不同鱼种、不同脏器和不同体质量下异尖线虫幼虫的感染情况。结果共解剖海鱼14种256尾,海鱼异尖线虫幼虫总感染率为66.4%（170/256）,平均感染度为14.8条/尾。感染率较高的鱼种有鲐鱼（Pneumatophorus japonicus）、带鱼（Trichiurus lepturus）、辫子鱼（Platycephalus indicus）和黑鲪（Sebastodes fuscescens）等,感染率分别是100%（26/26）、92.3%（24/26）、92.0%（23/25）、85.7%（18/21）,平均感染度分别为25.1、21.1、12.2和24.9条/尾;其他鱼种感染率由高到低依次是海鳗（Monopterus albus,80.0%,6.3条/尾）、真燕鳐（Prognichthys agooz,70.0%,3.3条/尾）、小黄鱼（Larimichthys polyactis,66.0%,11.7条/尾）、蓝点马鲛（Scomberomorus niphonius,52.0%,9.1条/尾）、高眼鲽（Cleisthenes herzensteini,50.0%,1.8条/尾）、鲱鱼（Clupea pallasi,44.4%,9.5条/尾）和黑背圆颌针鱼（Tylosurus melanotus,38.1%,2.0条/尾）;银鲳（Pampus argenteus）、绿鳍马面鲀（Thamnaconus modestus）、海鲈鱼（Perca fluviatilis）未检出异尖线虫幼虫。异尖线虫幼虫多寄生于海鱼的肠系膜及肠壁、体腔和胃壁。不同鱼种的异尖线虫幼虫感染度与其体质量的相关性不同：体质量为0.25~0.35 kg的鲐鱼、0.16~0.20 kg的带鱼、0.16~0.25 kg的辫子鱼、0.05~0.10 kg的小黄鱼、0.17~0.26 kg的黑鲪、0.81~1.00 kg的蓝点马鲛的感染度较高,分别为46.5、27.2、18.0、12.0、42.7和68.0条/尾。在这6种鱼中,黑鲪和小黄鱼的感染度随体质量的增加而降低（r = -0.484,P < 0.05;r = -0.633,P < 0.01）,蓝点马鲛的感染度随体质量的增加而增高（r = 0.740,P < 0.01）,鲐鱼、带鱼、辫子鱼感染度与体质量无相关关系（r = -0.237、-0.080、-0.196,均P > 0.05）。结论烟台市售海鱼中,鲐鱼、带鱼、辫子鱼和黑鲪的异尖线虫幼虫感染率较高（85%以上）。

关键词: 海鱼, 异尖线虫, 感染, 烟台市

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the infection status of marine fish sold in Yantai City by Anisakis spp. Methods Marine fish of different species were randomly purchased from seafood markets in Yantai City from January to December 2016. The fish were dissected to find and collect Anisakis larvae from the viscera and muscle. The larvae species were identified under a light microscope. The Anisakis larvae infection status in fish was analyzed in different aspects of fish species, visceral organs and fish body weight. Results A total of 256 marine fishes of 14 species were dissected. The overall infection rate was 66.4% (170/256) and the average infection intensity was 14.8 larvae/fish. Those fishes with top infection rate included Pneumatophorus japonicas (100%, 26/26), Trichiurus lepturus (92.3%, 24/26), Platycephalus indicus (92.0%, 23/25) and Sebastodes fuscescens (85.7%, 18/21). The average infection intensity of them was 25.1, 21.1, 12.2, and 24.9 larvae/fish, respectively. Other species with comparatively lower infection rate were Monopterus albus (80.0%, 6.3 larvae/fish), Prognichthys agooz (70.0%, 3.3 larvae/fish), Larimichthys polyactis (66.0%, 11.7 larvae/fish), Scomberomorus niphonius (52.0%, 9.1 larvae/fish), Cleisthenes herzensteini (50.0%, 1.8 larvae/fish), Clupea pallasi (44.4%, 9.5 larvae/fish) and Tylosurus melanotus (38.1%, 2.0 larvae/fish). No infection was found in Pampus argenteus, Thamnaconus modestus and Perca fluviatilis. The Anisakis spp. larvae were mainly located at mesentery and intestinal walls as well as gastric wall and gonad. There were also varied relationships between infection intensity and weight among different fish species. The infection intensity of 0.25-0.35 kg P. japonicus, 0.16-0.20 kg T. lepturus, 0.16-0.25 kg P. indicus, 0.05-0.10 kg L. polyactis, 0.17-0.26 kg S. fuscescens and 0.81-1.00 kg S. niphonius was 46.5, 27.2, 18.0, 12.0, 42.7 and 68.0 larvae/fish, respectively. Among those species, the infection intensity decreased with the increase of body weight in S. fuscescens (r = 0.484, P < 0.05) and L. polyactis (r = -0.633, P < 0.01), but increased with body weight in S. niphonius (r = 0.740, P < 0.01). However, for P. japonicas, T. lepturus and P. indicus, neither relationship was found (r = -0.237, -0.080, -0.196, P < 0.05). Conclusion There is a high infection rate (above 85%) of Anisakis larvae in P. japonicas, T. lepturus, P. indicus and S. fuscescens from the seafood markets in Yantai City.

Key words: Marine fish, Anisakis spp., Infection, Yantai City

中图分类号:

R383.1

张雯倩, 任晓彤, 赵玉绮, 盖欣欣, 张玉梅, 柏雪莲. 烟台市市售海鱼异尖线虫幼虫感染现况调查[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2017, 35(5): 472-477.

Wen-qian ZHANG, Xiao-tong REN, Yu-qi ZHAO, Xin-xin GAI, Yu-mei ZHANG, Xue-lian BAI. Investigation of Anisakis spp. larva infection in marine fish for sale in Yantai City[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2017, 35(5): 472-477.

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鱼种Fish species	平均体长/cm Average length/cm	平均体质量/g Average weight/g	检查数 No. examined	感染数 No. Infected	检获虫数 No. Anisakis	感染率/% Infection rate/%	感染度/条·鱼^-1 Infection intensity/No. Anisakis per fish
鲐鱼P. japonicus	34.9	476.2	26	26	653	100	25.1
带鱼T. lepturus	66.8	157.9	26	24	506	92.3	21.1
辫子鱼P. indicus	29.9	201.1	25	23	281	92.0	12.2
黑鲪S. fuscescens	19.4	179.5	21	18	449	85.7	24.9
海鳗M. albus	37.5	83.0	5	4	25	80.0	6.3
真燕鳐P. agooz	23.8	133.5	10	7	23	70.0	3.3
小黄鱼L. polyactis	19.7	93.8	50	33	386	66.0	11.7
蓝点马鲛S. niphonius	39.1	401.2	25	13	118	52.0	9.1
高眼鲽C. herzensteini	22.7	103.3	20	10	18	50.0	1.8
鲱鱼C. pallasi	29.5	262.6	9	4	38	44.4	9.5
黑背圆颌针鱼T. melanotus	42.0	121.6	21	8	16	38.1	2.0
银鲳P. argenteus	20.1	225.8	9	0	0	0	0
绿鳍马面鲀T. modestus	28.9	276.8	6	0	0	0	0
海鲈鱼P. fluviatilis	42.0	941.1	3	0	0	0	0
合计Total	-	-	256	170	2 513	66.4	14.8

鱼种 Fish species	感染率/% Infection rate%
鱼种 Fish species	体腔 Body cavity	胃壁 Gastric wall	肠系膜及肠壁 Mesentery and intestinal wall	肝、胰 Liver and pancreas	生殖器 Gonad	肌肉 Muscle	心脏 Cardiac	鳃 Branchia
鲐鱼P. japonicus	51.8	12.7	27.6	2.5	2.1	2.1	0.5	0.8
带鱼T. lepturus	36. 6	3.2	29.1	1.2	29.8	0.2	0	0
辫子鱼P. indicus	1.1	37.0	55.9	3.9	0.4	1.1	0	0.7
小黄鱼L. polyactis	33.0	17.9	25.7	12.4	6.0	2.9	1.0	1.3
黑鲪S. fuscescens	3.6	23.8	69.3	3.3	0	0	0	0
海鳗M. albus	16.0	12.0	60.0	12.0	0	0	0	0
真燕鳐P. agooz	30.4	26.1	17.4	26.1	0	0	0	0
蓝点马鲛S. niphonius	55.1	8.5	26.3	1.7	3.4	5.1	0	0
高眼鲽C. herzensteini	16.7	0	66.7	16.7	0	0	0	0
鲱鱼C. pallasi	10.5	52.6	26.3	2.6	7.9	0	0	0
黑背圆颌针鱼T. melanotus	31.3	6.3	25.0	31.3	0	6.1	0	0

鱼种 Fish species	鱼体质量/kg Fish mass/kg	检查数 No. examined	感染度/条·鱼^-1 Infection intensity/No. Anisakis per fish
鲐鱼 P. japonicus	0.25~0.35	2	46.5
鲐鱼 P. japonicus	0.36~0.45	5	29.6
	0.46~0.55	13	14.4
	0.56~0.65	6	37.5
带鱼 T. lepturus	0.10~0.15	14	19.7
带鱼 T. lepturus	0.16~0.20	9	27.2
	0.21~0.25	1	7.0
	0.26~0.30	2	9.0
辫子鱼 P. indicus	0.05~0.15	9	9.5
辫子鱼 P. indicus	0.16~0.25	11	18.0
	0.26~0.35	1	2.0
	0.36~0.45	4	1.7
黑鲪 S. fuscescens	0.06~0.16	12	25.7
黑鲪 S. fuscescens	0.17~0.26	3	42.7
	0.27~0.36	1	12.0
	0.37~0.46	5	8.7
小黄鱼 L. polyactis	0.05~0.10	33	12.0
小黄鱼 L. polyactis	0.11~0.15	6	0
	0.16~0.20	9	1.0
	0.21~0.25	2	0
蓝点马鲛 S. niphonius	0.20~0.40	19	2.3
蓝点马鲛 S. niphonius	0.41~0.60	3	4.5
	0.61~0.80	2	11.5
	0.81~1.00	1	68.0