纳米颗粒在重要寄生虫病疫苗研究中的应用

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2026.02.021

中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 290-295.doi: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2026.02.021

纳米颗粒在重要寄生虫病疫苗研究中的应用

吴珂珂¹()(), 王立群¹^,^*()(), 骆学农¹^,²

¹ 中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所，动物疫病防控全国重点实验室/甘肃省动物寄生虫病重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730046
² 扬州大学江苏省动物重要疫病与人兽共患病防控协同创新中心，江苏扬州 225009

收稿日期:2025-06-11 修回日期:2025-11-13 出版日期:2026-04-30 发布日期:2026-04-24
通讯作者: * 王立群（ORCID：0000-0003-2642-1017），女，博士，助理研究员，从事棘球绦虫与宿主相互作用机制研究。E-mail：wlq1282690114@163.com
作者简介:吴珂珂（ORCID：0009-0006-9646-9285），女，硕士研究生，从事动物寄生虫分子生物学研究。E-mail：2833226940@qq.com
作者贡献
吴珂珂负责文献检索、论文撰写和修改，王立群、骆学农负责论文设计和修改。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1802401)

Nanoparticles and their application in vaccine research for important parasitic diseases

WU Keke¹()(), WANG Liqun¹^,^*()(), LUO Xuenong¹^,²

¹ Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention/Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitic Diseases, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China
² Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Major Animal Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China

Received:2025-06-11 Revised:2025-11-13 Online:2026-04-30 Published:2026-04-24
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1802401)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

寄生虫病仍然是全球性的重大公共卫生问题，其传统化学药物治疗常面临不良反应明显及无法阻断再感染等局限。尽管接种预防性疫苗是实现寄生虫病长效控制的理想策略，但寄生虫复杂的生命周期、高度的抗原变异性以及精密的免疫逃避机制，严重制约了传统疫苗的研发进程。近年来，纳米颗粒凭借独特的理化优势，集抗原保护、靶向递送与免疫协同激活功能于一体，为突破寄生虫疫苗研发瓶颈提供了新契机。基于此，本文系统综述了各类纳米颗粒的理化特征及其在血吸虫病、弓形虫病及棘球蚴病等重要寄生虫病疫苗研究中的最新进展，并深入探讨了其在优化抗原递送与免疫调节方面的作用机制；同时，客观剖析了当前纳米疫苗在临床转化与产业化应用中面临的挑战及未来发展趋势，以期为新型寄生虫病疫苗的设计与研发策略提供理论参考。

关键词: 寄生虫病, 纳米颗粒, 抗原递送

Abstract:

Parasitic diseases remain a major global public health concern. Conventional chemotherapy frequently faces limitations, including significant adverse effects and the inability to prevent reinfection. Although prophylactic vaccination represents an ideal strategy for achieving long-term control of parasitic diseases, the development of traditional vaccines has been severely impeded by the complex life cycles, high antigenic variability, and sophisticated immune evasion mechanisms of parasites. In recent years, nanoparticles-leveraging their unique physicochemical properties to integrate antigen protection, targeted delivery, and synergistic immune activation-have provided a new opportunity to overcome the bottlenecks in parasitic vaccine development. In light of this, this article systematically reviews the physicochemical characteristics of various nanoparticles and their latest advances in vaccine research against major parasitic diseases, such as schistosomiasis, toxoplasmosis, and echinococcosis. It provides an in-depth discussion on their mechanisms of action and core advantages in optimizing antigen delivery and immunomodulation. Furthermore, it objectively analyzes the current challenges and future trends facing nanovaccines in clinical translation and industrial application, aiming to provide theoretical insights for the rational design and development strategies of novel parasitic vaccines.

Key words: Parasitic disease, Nanoparticles, Antigen delivery

中图分类号:

吴珂珂, 王立群, 骆学农. 纳米颗粒在重要寄生虫病疫苗研究中的应用[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2026, 44(2): 290-295.

WU Keke, WANG Liqun, LUO Xuenong. Nanoparticles and their application in vaccine research for important parasitic diseases[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2026, 44(2): 290-295.

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纳米颗粒在重要寄生虫病疫苗研究中的应用

Nanoparticles and their application in vaccine research for important parasitic diseases

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