2020—2021年全国阿米巴痢疾发病现状分析

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2025.04.014

中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 540-546.doi: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2025.04.014

2020—2021年全国阿米巴痢疾发病现状分析

黄继磊¹()(), 周长海¹, 诸廷俊¹, 朱慧慧¹, 李石柱¹^,²^,^*()(), 钱门宝¹^,^*()()

1 中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所（国家热带病研究中心），传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室，国家卫生健康委员会寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室，世界卫生组织热带病合作中心，科技部国家级热带病国际研究中心，上海 200025
2 上海交通大学医学院-国家热带病研究中心全球健康学院，上海 200025

收稿日期:2025-04-02 修回日期:2025-06-23 出版日期:2025-08-30 发布日期:2025-10-09
通讯作者: *李石柱（ORCID：0000-0003-3172-5218），男，博士，研究员，从事寄生虫病研究。E-mail：lisz@chinacdc.cn；钱门宝（ORCID：0000-0002-3027-2889），男，博士，研究员，从事土源性、食源性寄生虫病研究。E-mail：qianmb@nipd.chinacdc.cn
作者简介:黄继磊（ORCID：0000-0002-3463-8630），男，硕士，助理研究员，从事土源性、食源性寄生虫病研究。E-mail：huangjl@nipd.chinacdc.cn

Endemic status of amoebic dysentery in China from 2020 to 2021

HUANG Jilei¹()(), ZHOU Changhai¹, ZHU Tingjun¹, ZHU Huihui¹, LI Shizhu¹^,²^,^*()(), QIAN Menbao¹^,^*()()

1 National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases; NHC Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200025, China
2 School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China

Received:2025-04-02 Revised:2025-06-23 Online:2025-08-30 Published:2025-10-09
Contact: *E-mail: lisz@chinacdc.cn; qianmb@nipd.chinacdc.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解中国阿米巴痢疾的发病特点、流行规律及变化趋势等，为今后因地制宜制定防控策略和监测措施、优化资源配置提供科学依据。方法收集传染病报告信息管理系统中发病日期为2020年1月1日—2021年12月31日的阿米巴痢疾个案数据和人口学数据，采用描述流行病学分析法分析阿米巴痢疾的发病特点和变化趋势，运用ArcGIS和SaTScan软件分析2020—2021年全国阿米巴痢疾的空间分布特征和时空聚集性。结果 2020和2021年全国分别报告阿米巴痢疾病例670和539例，发病率分别为0.048/10万和0.038/10万。与2020年相比，2021年报告发病数和发病率分别减少19.55%和20.83%。2020和2021年的报告病例高峰月分别为5月（85例）和6月（73例），5—7月为两年的共同流行季节。2020和2021年的报告发病数男女性别比分别为1.27∶1和1.28∶1；报告发病数和发病率随年龄增长均呈先降后升再降趋势，0~ < 5岁年龄组的报告发病数和发病率均最高，分别为326例、0.40/10万和197例、0.25/10万。2020和2021年报告病例均以散居儿童为主，分别占报告发病数的45.82%（307/670）和33.77%（182/539）；其次是农民，分别占22.09%（148/670）和26.53%（143/539）。2020年报告发病率居前3位的依次为广西（0.32/10万）、河南（0.16/10万）和广东（0.12/10万），2021年前3位依次为广西（0.22/10万）、云南（0.19/10万）和广东（0.09/10万）；2020—2021年，广西和广东的报告发病率和发病数均居全国前三，同时呈下降趋势。全局空间自相关分析显示，阿米巴痢疾在省级和县级水平上均不存在空间聚集性；时空扫描分析探测出2个有统计学意义的聚集区域，均属于2021年，聚集区域的中心分别在云南和贵州，共涉及中国西南地区17个县（市、区）。结论 2020—2021年全国阿米巴痢疾报告发病数和发病率均呈下降趋势，西南部地区存在2个聚集区域。

关键词: 阿米巴痢疾, 发病数, 发病率, 聚集区域

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the incidence, epidemiological characteristics and changing trends of amoebic dysentery in China, so as to provide insights into formulation of tailored control strategies and surveillance measures and optimization of resource allocation in the futur. Methods Individual data and demographic data of cases of amoebic dysentery with dates of disease onset between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2021 were collected from the Infectious Disease Report Information Management System, and the incidence and its changing trends of amoebic dysentery were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method in China from 2020 to 2021. In addition, the spatial distribution characteristics and tempo-spatial clusters of amoebic dysentery were identified using the ArcGIS and SaTScan software. Results A total of 670 and 539 cases of amoebic dysentery were reported in China in 2020 and 2021, with incidence of 0.048/100 000 and 0.038/100 000, respectively. The reported incident cases and incidence of amoebic dysentery in 2021 decreased by 19.55% and 20.83% as compared with those in 2020, respectively. The number of reported incident cases peaked in May 2020 (85 cases) and June 2021 (73 cases), and the period from May to July was the common epidemic season for both years. The ratios of male to female reported incident cases were 1.27 ∶ 1 and 1.28 ∶ 1 in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Both the reported incident cases and incidence of amoebic dysentery appeared a tendency towards a decline followed by a rise, and then a decline with ages, and the highest numbers of reported incident cases and incidence of amoebic dysentery were all found at ages of 0 to 5 years, with 326 incident cases and 0.40/100 000 incidence in 2020 and 197 incident cases and 0.25/100 000 incidence in 2021. The reported incident cases were predominantly found among diaspora children in 2020 and 2021, accounting for 45.82% (307/670) and 33.77% (182/539) of totally reported cases, followed by farmers, accounting for 22.09% (148/670) and 26.53% (143/539), respectively. The provinces (autonomous regions) with the three highest incidence were Guangxi (0.32/100 000), Henan (0.16/100 000) and Guangdong (0.12/100 000) in 2020, and Guangxi (0.22/100 000), Yunnan (0.19/100 000) and Guangdong (0.09/100 000) in 2021, respectively. Both Guangxi and Guangdong were among the top three provinces (autonomous regions) in both years in terms of both reported incidence and incident cases of amoebic dysentery, which both appeared a tendency towards a decline from 2020 to 2021. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed no significant spatial clustering of amoebic dysentery at either a provincial or county level. Space-time scan analysis detected two statistically significant clusters in 2021, and the cluster areas were found in Yunnan and Guizhou, which involved 17 counties (cities, districts) in southwestern China. Conclusion The incident cases and incidence of amebiasis appeared a tendency towards a decline in China from 2020 to 2021, with two cluster areas in southwestern China.

Key words: Amebic dysentery, Incident case, Incidence, Cluster area

中图分类号:

R531.11

黄继磊, 周长海, 诸廷俊, 朱慧慧, 李石柱, 钱门宝. 2020—2021年全国阿米巴痢疾发病现状分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2025, 43(4): 540-546.

HUANG Jilei, ZHOU Changhai, ZHU Tingjun, ZHU Huihui, LI Shizhu, QIAN Menbao. Endemic status of amoebic dysentery in China from 2020 to 2021[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2025, 43(4): 540-546.

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年份 Year	报告发病数/例 No. reported incident cases			报告发病率/（10万）^-1 Reported incidence/100 000^-1
年份 Year	临床诊断病例数 No. clinical diagnosis cases	确诊病例数 No. confirmed cases	合计 Total	报告发病率/（10万）^-1 Reported incidence/100 000^-1
2020	192	478	670	0.048
2021	133	406	539	0.038
合计 Total	325	884	1 209	0.043

职业 Occupation	2020		2021
职业 Occupation	报告发病数/例 No. reported incident cases	占比/% Proportion/%	报告发病数/例 No. reported incident cases	占比/% Proportion/%
幼托儿童 Child in care	43	6.42	37	6.86
散居儿童 Diaspora children	307	45.82	182	33.77
学生 Student	38	5.67	32	5.94
教师 Teacher	3	0.45	1	0.19
保育员及保姆 Nursemaid	0	0	1	0.19
餐饮食品业 Catering and food industry	2	0.30	0	0
商业服务 Businessman	8	1.19	19	3.53
医务人员 Medical personnel	3	0.45	4	0.74
工人 Factory worker	11	1.64	13	2.41
民工 Migrant worker	2	0.30	2	0.37
农民 Farmer	148	22.09	143	26.53
牧民 Herdsmen	0	0	1	0.19
干部职员 Cadre	6	0.90	12	2.23
离退人员 Retired people	20	2.99	24	4.45
家务及待业 Unemployed	68	10.15	49	9.09
不详 Unknown	6	0.90	12	2.23
其它 Others	5	0.75	7	1.30
合计 Total	670	100	539	100

省（直辖市、自治区） Province (municipality/ autonomous region)	2020		2021
省（直辖市、自治区） Province (municipality/ autonomous region)	报告发病数/例 No. reported incident cases	报告发病率/（10万）^-1 Reported incidence/100 000^-1	报告发病数/例 No. reported incident cases	报告发病率/（10万）^-1 Reported incidence/100 000^-1
北京 Beijing	8	0.04	4	0.02
天津 Tianjing	1	0.01	4	0.03
河北 Hebei	9	0.01	5	0.01
山西 Shanxi	10	0.03	8	0.02
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	0	0	3	0.01
辽宁 Liaoning	4	0.01	3	0.01
吉林 Jilin	0	0	1	0.00
黑龙江 Heilongjiang	19	0.05	7	0.02
上海 Shanghai	1	0.00	0	0
江苏 Jiangsu	2	0.00	1	0.00
浙江 Zhejiang	1	0.00	3	0.00
安徽 Anhui	4	0.01	2	0.00
福建 Fujian	14	0.04	9	0.02
江西 Jiangxi	47	0.10	18	0.04
山东 Shandong	3	0.00	4	0.00
河南 Henan	150	0.16	74	0.07
湖北 Hubei	2	0.00	3	0.01
湖南 Hunan	5	0.01	11	0.02
广东 Guangdong	141	0.12	119	0.09
广西 Guangxi	160	0.32	112	0.22
海南 Hainan	0	0	1	0.01
重庆 Chongqing	4	0.01	4	0.01
四川 Sichuan	32	0.04	23	0.03
贵州 Guizhou	12	0.03	20	0.05
云南 Yunnan	36	0.07	91	0.19
西藏 Xizang	0	0	0	0
陕西 Shaanxi	4	0.01	3	0.01
甘肃 Gansu	1	0.00	1	0.00
青海 Qinghai	0	0	1	0.02
宁夏 Ningxia	0	0	1	0.01
新疆 Xinjiang	0	0	3	0.01
合计 Total	670	0.05	539	0.04

年份 Year	Moran’s I	Moran’s I期望值 Expected Moran’s I value	方差 Variance	Z值 Z value	P值 P value
2020
省级 Provincial level	0.049 469	-0.033 33	0.005 654	1.101 177	0.270 819
县级 County level	-0.000 160	-0.005 29	0.000 034	0.877 425	0.380 256
2021
省级 Provincial level	0.164 251	-0.033 33	0.006 776	2.400 318	0.016 381
县级 County level	0.008 641	-0.005 10	0.000 094	1.419 926	0.155 629

聚集区 Cluster area	年份 Year	聚集中心 Cluster area		聚集半径/km Radius/km	聚集县数 No. clustered counties	观察数 No. observed	预期数 No. expected	P值 P value	检验统计量 Test-state
聚集区 Cluster area	年份 Year	纬度/° Latitude/°	经度/° Longitude/°	聚集半径/km Radius/km	聚集县数 No. clustered counties	观察数 No. observed	预期数 No. expected	P值 P value	检验统计量 Test-state
1	2021	25.514 2	101.203 0	148.13	8	11	4.91	0.02	2.803 084
2	2021	26.805 8	105.275 0	122.54	9	11	4.91	0.02	2.803 084
3	2020	23.910 2	112.824 0	100.22	6	11	6.09	0.55	1.600 856
4	2019	23.507 2	110.769 0	125.74	8	8	4.01	0.68	1.537 679
5	2021	39.548 6	78.833 4	2 419.82	8	8	4.01	0.68	1.537 679
6	2021	23.334 3	103.485 0	107.88	7	7	3.57	0.94	1.290 089
7	2021	30.686 7	107.268 0	196.60	8	7	3.57	0.94	1.290 089
8	2021	28.861 8	112.031 0	68.17	2	5	2.23	0.98	1.270 244

2020—2021年全国阿米巴痢疾发病现状分析

Endemic status of amoebic dysentery in China from 2020 to 2021

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