2019—2021年福建省海鱼异尖线虫幼虫感染情况调查

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2023.02.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解福建省海鱼异尖线虫幼虫感染情况，于2019—2021年在福建省沿海的闽东、闽中、闽南等3个渔场分别随机选取2个沿海城市为调查点，选择港口、码头、海产品交易市场和农贸市场，随机采购不同种类的海鱼样品。海鱼解剖后，取腹腔内容物，于体视显微镜下挑取幼虫并鉴定，计算不同鱼种和不同渔场的海鱼异尖线虫感染率和感染度。共采集海鱼32种515尾，其中20种183尾海鱼检出异尖线虫幼虫，鱼种感染率为62.5%（20/32），海鱼总感染率为35.5%（183/515）。其中感染率较高的鱼种有鳓鱼（5/5）、鮸鱼（5/5）、鳀鱼（5/5）、带鱼74.7%（65/87）、马鲛鱼66.7%（32/48）、斑鱾（4/6）、黄姑鱼（3/7）、白姑鱼36.4%（8/22）、包公鱼37.5%（9/24）、海鲫鱼34.7%（33/95）。不同鱼种的海鱼异尖线虫幼虫感染率差异有统计学意义（χ² = 192.70，P < 0.05）。闽东、闽中、闽南3个渔场的海鱼异尖线虫幼虫感染率分别为43.1%（72/167）、28.3% (66/233)、39.1% (45/115)（χ² = 10.12，P < 0.05）。共检获异尖线虫幼虫2 767条，平均感染度为15.1条/尾，其中感染度较高的有鳀鱼137.0条/尾，带鱼23.7条/尾，鳓鱼9.2条/尾、马鲛鱼7.4条/尾。三文鱼、鲭鱼等12种64尾未检出异尖线虫感染。提示福建省沿海海鱼异尖线虫幼虫感染率较高，应加强防控。

关键词: 福建省, 海洋鱼类, 异尖线虫, 幼虫, 感染

Abstract:

To investigate the infection of Anisakis spp. larvae of marine fish in Fujian Province. From 2019—2021, two coastal cities were randomly selected in each of the three fisheries in the eastern, the central and the southern Fujian Province as survey points. The samples of marine fish were randomly collected from ports, docks, seafood markets and farmers’ markets. After dissection, the contents of the abdominal cavity were collected and the larvae of nematodes were picked out under the stereomicroscope and identified to calculate the infection rate and infectivity of Anisakis spp. A total of 515 fishes of 32 species of marine fishes were examined, of which 183 fishes of 20 species were found to be infected with Anisakis spp. larvae, and the infection rate of fingerling was 62.5%, the overall infection rate of Anisakis spp. larvae was 35.5%. The higher infection rates were found in Ilisha elongata (5/5), Michthys miiuy (5/5), Engraulis japonicus (5/5), Trichiurus lepturus 74.7% (19/23), Scomberomorus niphouius 66.7% (32/48), Girella punctata (4/6), Nibea abiflora (3/7), Pennahia argentata 36.4% (8/22), Plectorhynchus cinctus 37.5% (9/24), and Ditrema temmincki 34.7% (33/95). The difference of infection rate of Anisakis spp. larvae in different fish species and areas was statistically significant (χ² = 192.70, P < 0.05). The infection rates of Anisakis spp. in the three fishing grounds of the eastern, the central, and the southern Fujian were 43.1% (72/167), 28.3% (66/233), and 39.1% (45/115) (χ² = 10.12, P < 0.05）. A total of 2 767 larvae of Anisakis spp. were obtained， and the average infectivity was 15.1 larvae/fish. Among them, Engraulis japonicus 137.0 larvae/fish, Trichiurus lepturus 23.7 larvae/fish, Ilisha elongata 9.2 larvae/fish, Scomberomorus niphouius 7.4 larvae/fish are highly infectivity. The Oncorhynchus sp, Pneumatophorus jqponicus et al 64 fishes of 12 species were not infected with Anisakis spp. These findings indicated the infection rate of Anisakis spp. larvae of marine fish in Fujian Province is higher, so the prevention and control should be strengthened.

Key words: Fujian Province, Marine fish, Anisakis spp., Larvae, Infection

中图分类号:

R532.19

郑丹, 林陈鑫, 蔡武卫, 谢汉国. 2019—2021年福建省海鱼异尖线虫幼虫感染情况调查[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2023, 41(2): 238-240.

ZHENG Dan, LIN Chenxin, CAI Wuwei, XIE Hangguo. Investigation of Anisakis spp. infection in marine fish in Fujian Province, 2019—2021[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2023, 41(2): 238-240.

图/表 1

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鱼种	检查数/尾	感染数/尾	感染率/%	检获虫数/条	感染度/条·鱼^-1
鳓鱼 Ilisha elongata	5	5	5/5	23	9.2
鮸鱼 Miichthys miiuy	5	5	5/5	13	2.6
鳀鱼 Engraulis japonicus	5	5	5/5	685	137.0
带鱼 Trichiurus lepturus	87	65	74.7	1 541	23.7
马鲛鱼 Scomberomorus niphonius	48	32	66.7	237	7.4
斑鱾 Girella punctata	6	4	4/6	10	2.5
马头鱼 Branchiostegus argentatus	2	1	1/2	8	8.0
黄姑鱼 Nibea abiflora	7	3	3/7	8	2.7
白姑鱼 Pennahia argentata	22	8	36.4	34	4.3
包公鱼 Plectorhynchus cinctus	24	9	37.5	33	3.7
海鲫鱼 Ditrema temmincki	95	33	34.7	128	3.9
黄枝鱼 Setipinna taty	3	1	1/3	2	2.0
花尾胡椒鲷 Plectorhinchus cinctus	3	1	1/3	3	3.0
鲳鱼 Stromateoides argenteus	9	2	2/9	2	1.0
龙头鱼 Harpadon nehereus	5	1	1/5	3	3.0
白鳞鱼 Ilisha elongata	6	1	1/6	1	1.0
黄翅鱼 Acanthopagrus latus	21	2	9.5	5	2.5
海鲈鱼 Lateolabrax jqponicue	16	2	2/16	19	9.5
小黄鱼 Pseudosciaena polyactis	10	1	1/10	9	9.0
大黄鱼 Pseudosciaena crocea	72	2	2.8	3	1.5
三文鱼 Oncorhynchus sp.	16	0	0	0	0
鲭鱼 Pneumatophorus japonicus	10	0	0	0	0
多宝鱼 Panalichthys lethostigma	4	0	0	0	0
金枪鱼 Thunus thynnus	3	0	0	0	0
白鲑 Coregonus sp.	7	0	0	0	0
松江鲈鱼 Trachidermus fasciatus	6	0	0	0	0
篮子鱼 Siganus virgatus	3	0	0	0	0
七纹豆娘鱼 Abudefduf septemfasciatus	6	0	0	0	0
金鲳鱼 Trachinotus ovatus	5	0	0	0	0
黑鲳鱼 Parastromateus niger	1	0	0	0	0
东星斑 Plectropomus leopardus	2	0	0	0	0
银鱼 Hemisalanx prognathus	1	0	0	0	0
合计	515	183	35.5	2 767	15.1