分子技术在利什曼原虫分类与鉴定上的应用

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2020.04.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利什曼原虫虫种多样、致病复杂,可导致皮肤利什曼病、黏膜皮肤利什曼病和致死性内脏利什曼病等。症状的轻重取决于感染虫株类型。因此,对利什曼原虫虫株正确地进行鉴定和分类对利什曼病的及时诊断、治疗和制定有效的控制策略至关重要。本文对分子技术及分子标志物在利什曼原虫鉴定及分类上的应用进行了综述。

关键词: 利什曼原虫, 利什曼病, 分子技术, 分子标志物, 分类, 鉴定

Abstract:

Leishmania species are complex and diverse, and they cause mainly three types of disease: cutaneous leishmaniasis, metastatic mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, and usually-fatal visceral leishmaniasis. The severity of clinical manifestations depends largely on the type of species of Leishmania. Therefore, correct classification and identification of Leishmania are critical for diagnosis and treatment, and for making efficient control strategies. This review introduces the applications of molecular techniques and molecular markers in identification and classification of Leishmania species.

Key words: Leishmania, Leishmaniasis, Molecular technique, Molecular marker, Classification, Identification

中图分类号:

R531.6

刘建秀, 汪俊云. 分子技术在利什曼原虫分类与鉴定上的应用[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2020, 38(4): 508-513.

LIU Jian-xiu, WANG Jun-yun. Applications of molecular techniques in classification and identification of Leishmania[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2020, 38(4): 508-513.

参考文献 45

[1]	Chufal SS. Role of haematological changes in predicting occurrence of leishmaniasis-a study in kumaon region of uttarakhand[J]. J Clin Diagn Res, 2016,10(5):39-43.
[2]	Zijlstra EE. Visceral leishmaniasis: a forgotten epidemic[J]. Arch Dis Child, 2016,101(6):561-567. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2015-309302 pmid: 26895806
[3]	Ready P. Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis[J]. Clin Epidemiol, 2014: 147.
[4]	World Health Organization: Control of the leishmaniasis[R]. Geneva: WHO, 2010.
[5]	Alvar J, Vélez ID, Bern C, et al. Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence[J]. PLoS One, 2012,7(5):e35671. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035671 pmid: 22693548
[6]	Chen JP, Yang BB, Xu JN, et al. Epidemic status of kala-azar in China[C]//. Zoological society symposium in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 2011. (in Chinese)
	( 陈建平, 杨斌斌, 徐佳楠, 等. 我国黑热病流行现状[C]// 四川省动物学会第九次会员代表大会暨第十届学术研讨会论文集, 成都, 2011.)
[7]	Wang JY, Gao CH, Yang YT, et al. An outbreak of the desert sub-type of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in Jiashi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China[J]. Parasitol Int, 2010,59(3):331-337. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2010.04.002 pmid: 20434585
[8]	Schönian G, Cupolillo E, Mauricio I. Molecular evolution and phylogeny of Leishmania drug Resistance in Leishmania Parasites[J]. Springer, 2013: 15-44.
[9]	Sundar S, Singh OP. Molecular diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis[J]. Mol Diagn Ther, 2018,22(4):443-457. doi: 10.1007/s40291-018-0343-y pmid: 29922885
[10]	Pratlong F, Dereure J, Bucheton B, et al. Sudan: the possible original focus of visceral leishmaniasis[J]. Parasitology, 2001,122(6):599-605.
[11]	Thomaz-Soccol V, Lanotte G, Rioux JA, et al. Monophyletic origin of the genus Leishmania ross 1903[J]. Ann Parasitol Hum Comp, 1993,68(2):107-108. pmid: 8215109
[12]	Marfurt J, Niederwieser I, Makia ND, et al. Diagnostic genotyping of old and new world Leishmania species by PCR-RFLP[J]. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2003,46(2):115-124. doi: 10.1016/s0732-8893(03)00040-3 pmid: 12812715
[13]	Akhoundi M, Hajjaran H, Baghaei A, et al. Geographical distribution of leishmania species of human cutaneous leishmaniasis in Fars Province, southern Iran[J]. Iran J Parasitol, 2013,8(1):85-91. pmid: 23682265
[14]	Nemati S, Fazaeli A, Hajjaran H, et al. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of the Iranian Leishmania parasites based on HSP70 gene PCR-RFLP and sequence analysis[J]. Korean J Parasitol, 2017,55(4):367-374. doi: 10.3347/kjp.2017.55.4.367 pmid: 28877567
[15]	Hamad SH, Khalil EA, Musa AM, et al. Leishmania donovani: genetic diversity ofisolates from Sudan characterized by PCR-based RAPD[J]. Exp Parasitol, 2010,125(4):389-393. pmid: 20346944
[16]	Lu DM, Hu XS, Qiao ZD. Analysis of Leishmania species and strains from China by RAPD technique[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 2001,19(5):290-293. (in Chinese)
	( 芦殿梅, 胡孝素, 乔中东. 我国利什曼原虫RAPD分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2001,19(5):290-293.)
[17]	Zabeau M, Vos P. Selective restriction fragment amplication: a general method for DNA fingerprinting[P]. Europeau Patent Application. No.0534858 A1, 1993.
[18]	Wang ZQ, Qiu SF, Wang Y, et al. Progress in research on multilocus sequence typing technique[J]. Bull Acad Mil Med Sci, 2010,34(1):76-79. (in Chinese)
	( 王中强, 邱少富, 王勇, 等. 多位点序列分型技术及其研究进展[J]. 军事医学科学院院刊, 2010,34(1):76-79.)
[19]	Kumar A, Boggula VR, Misra P, et al. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis is useful for distinguishing Leishmania species of visceral and cutaneous forms[J]. Acta Trop, 2010,113(2):202-206. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.10.006 pmid: 19854144
[20]	Marco JD, Barroso PA, Locatelli FM, et al. Multilocus sequence typing approach for a broader range of species of Leishmania genus: describing parasite diversity in Argentina[J]. Infect Genet Evol, 2015,30:308-317. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.12.031 pmid: 25558029
[21]	Herrera G, Hernández C, Ayala MS, et al. Evaluation of a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for Leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (viannia) panamensis in Colombia[J]. Parasit Vectors, 2017,10:236. doi: 10.1186/s13071-017-2175-8 pmid: 28499458
[22]	Seridi N, Amro A, Kuhls K, et al. Genetic polymorphism of Algerian Leishmania infantum strains revealed by multilocus microsatellite analysis[J]. Microbes Infect, 2008,10(12/13):1309-1315. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2008.07.031
[23]	Alam MZ, Nakao R, Sakurai T, et al. Genetic diversity of Leishmania donovani/infantum complex in China through microsatellite analysis[J]. Infect Genet Evol, 2014,22:112-119. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.01.019 pmid: 24480049
[24]	Mardis ER. A decade's perspective on DNA sequencing technology[J]. Nature, 2011,470(7333):198-203. doi: 10.1038/nature09796 pmid: 21307932
[25]	Tokarska M, Marshall T, Kowalczyk R, et al. Effectiveness of microsatellite and SNP markers for parentage and identity analysis in species with low genetic diversity: the case of European bison[J]. Hered, 2009,10:326-332.
[26]	Downing T, Stark O, Vanaerschot M, et al. Genome-wide SNP and microsatellite variation illuminate population-level epidemiology in the Leishmania donovani species complex[J]. Infect Genet Evol, 2012,12(1):149-159. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.11.005 pmid: 22119748
[27]	Schönian G, Nasereddin A, Dinse N, et al. PCR diagnosis and characterization of Leishmania in local and imported clinical samples[J]. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2003,47(1):349-358. doi: 10.1016/s0732-8893(03)00093-2 pmid: 12967749
[28]	Kuhls K, Mauricio I, Pratlong F, et al. Analysis of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequences of the complex[J]. Microbes Infect, 2005,7(11/12):1224-1234. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2005.04.009
[29]	Tian Y, Chen JP, Hu XS. Cloning and sequence analysis of the ribosomal DNA ITS gene of Leishmania donovani isolates from hill foci of China[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 2004,22(5):294-296. (in Chinese)
	( 田玉, 陈建平, 胡孝素. 山丘疫区杜氏利什曼原虫核糖体基因内转录间隔区的克隆及序列分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2004,22(5):294-296.)
[30]	Tian Y, Chen JP. Cloning and sequence analysis of ITS gene of Leishmania donovani isolates from different epidemic foci in China[J]. J Biomed Eng, 2005,22(3):540-544. (in Chinese)
	( 田玉, 陈建平. 我国不同疫区杜氏利什曼原虫ITS片段的克隆及序列分析[J]. 生物医学工程学杂志, 2005,22(3):540-544.)
[31]	Yang BB, Guo XG, Hu XS, et al. Species discrimination and phylogenetic inference of 17 Chinese Leishmania isolates based on internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences[J]. Parasitol Res, 2010,107(5):1049-1065. doi: 10.1007/s00436-010-1969-9 pmid: 20617444
[32]	Fernandes O, Murthy VK, Kurath U, et al. Mini-exon gene variation in human pathogenic Leishmania species[J]. Mol Biochem Parasitol, 1994,66(2):261-271. doi: 10.1016/0166-6851(94)90153-8 pmid: 7808476
[33]	Marfurt J, Nasereddin A, Niederwieser I, et al. Identification and differentiation of Leishmania species in clinical samples by PCR amplification of the miniexon sequence and subsequent restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2003,41(7):3147-3153. doi: 10.1128/jcm.41.7.3147-3153.2003 pmid: 12843055
[34]	Zelazny AM, Fedorko DP, Li L, et al. Evaluation of 7sl RNA gene sequences for the identification of Leishmania spp[J]. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2005,72(4):415-420. pmid: 15827278
[35]	Alce TM, Gokool S, McGhie D, et al. Expression of hydrophilic surface proteins in infective stages of Leishmania donovani[J]. Mol Biochem Parasitol, 1999,102(1):191-196. doi: 10.1016/s0166-6851(99)00074-2 pmid: 10477187
[36]	Haralambous C, Antoniou M, Pratlong F, et al. Development of a molecular assay specific for the Leishmania donovani complex that discriminates L. donovani/Leishmania infantum zymodemes: a useful tool for typing MON-1[J]. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2008,60(1):33-42. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.07.019 pmid: 17889482
[37]	Hartl FU. Molecular chaperones in the cytosol: from nascent chain to folded protein[J]. Science, 2002,295(5561):1852-1858. doi: 10.1126/science.1068408 pmid: 11884745
[38]	Folgueira C, Cañavate C, Chicharro C, et al. Genomic organization and expression of the HSP70 locus in New and Old World Leishmania species[J]. Parasitology, 2007,134(3):369. doi: 10.1017/S0031182006001570
[39]	Fraga J, Montalvo AM, de Doncker S, et al. Phylogeny of Leishmania species based on the heat-shock protein 70 gene[J]. Infect Genet Evol, 2010,10(2):238-245. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.11.007 pmid: 19913110
[40]	Zhang CY, Huang YX, Yuan Y, et al. Heat-shock protein 70 gene sequences for the phylogeny of Chinese Leishmania isolates[J]. Chin J Zoonoses, 2014,30(2):163-168, 190. (in Chinese)
	( 张春莹, 黄玉霞, 袁余, 等. 热休克蛋白70 (hsp70) 基因对利什曼原虫中国分离株的系统发育分析[J]. 中国人兽共患病学报, 2014,30(2):163-168, 190.) doi: 10.3969/cjz.j.issn.1002-2694.2014.02.012
[41]	Stuart K. Kinetoplast DNA, mitochondria DNA with a difference[J]. Mol Biochem Parasitol, 1983,9(2):93-104. doi: 10.1016/0166-6851(83)90103-2 pmid: 6366549
[42]	Shapiro TA, Englund PT. The structure and replication of kinetoplast DNA[J]. Annu Rev Microbiol, 1995,49(1):117-143. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.49.100195.001001
[43]	Moody SF. Molecular variation in Leishmania[J]. Acta Trop, 1993,53(3/4):185-204. doi: 10.1016/0001-706X(93)90029-B
[44]	Singh N, Curran MD, Middleton D, et al. Characterization of kinetoplast DNA minicircles of an Indian isolate of Leishmania donovani[J]. Acta Trop, 1999,73(3):313-319. doi: 10.1016/s0001-706x(99)00036-4 pmid: 10546849
[45]	Wang JY, Qu JQ, Guan LR, et al. Analysis on homology in several isolates of Leishmania from Karamay, Xinjiang[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 1996,14(4):266-269. (in Chinese)
	( 汪俊云, 瞿靖琦, 管立人, 等. 新疆克拉玛依地区几株利什曼原虫分离物的同源性分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 1996,14(4):266-269.)