中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 ›› 2019, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 411-416.doi: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2019.04.007

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2015年四川省人体重点寄生虫感染现状调查

罗静雯(), 田洪春*(), 谢红, 刘阳, 钟波, 吴子松, 陈琳, 张骥, 陈漪澜, 李黎, 龚希, 张丽萍   

  1. 四川省疾病预防控制中心,成都 610041
  • 收稿日期:2019-05-16 出版日期:2019-08-30 发布日期:2019-09-05
  • 通讯作者: 田洪春
  • 作者简介:

    作者简介:罗静雯(1985-),女,硕士,主管医师,主要从事土源性线虫病监测和防治。E-mail:jingwenluo922@126.com

Investigation on the status of major human parasitic infections in Sichuan Province in 2015

Jing-wen LUO(), Hong-chun TIAN*(), Hong XIE, Yang LIU, Bo ZHONG, Zi-song WU, Lin CHEN, Ji ZHANG, Yi-lan CHEN, Li LI, Xi GONG, Li-ping ZHANG   

  1. Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610000, China
  • Received:2019-05-16 Online:2019-08-30 Published:2019-09-05
  • Contact: Hong-chun TIAN

摘要:

目的 了解四川省人体重点寄生虫感染现状。方法 2015年4-6月,按照全国人体重点寄生虫病现状调查方案和实施细则,采用分层整群随机抽样方法,选取四川省5个生态区的15个调查县(市、区)45个调查点。调查对象为各调查点0岁以上农村常住居民,每个调查点调查人数不少于250人。采集受检对象粪样,通过改良加藤厚涂片法(一粪二检)检测肠道蠕虫卵,通过卢戈氏碘液染色法和生理盐水涂片法检测肠道原虫包囊、滋养体,通过透明胶纸肛拭法检查3~6岁儿童蛲虫卵。应用SPSS 23.0软件进行统计学分析,感染率通过χ2检验进行比较。采用非条件logistic多因素回归分析重点寄生虫感染的影响因素。结果 共调查11 403人,总感染率为15.5%(1 762/11 403),检出蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫、蛲虫、粪类圆线虫等5种线虫,感染率分别为4.7%(540/11 403)、7.1%(811/11 403)、3.2%(360/11 403)、0.1%(10/11 403)和0.1%(6/11 403);带绦虫、缩小膜壳绦虫、曼氏迭宫绦虫等3种绦虫,感染例数分别为55、3和1例;溶组织内阿米巴、结肠内阿米巴、蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫、人芽囊原虫、微小内蜒阿米巴、哈门氏内阿米巴、结肠小袋纤毛虫、布氏嗜碘阿米巴、肠内滴虫等9种原虫的总感染率为2.0%(223/11 403)。川西南-滇中北山地生态区人体重点寄生虫感染率最高,为24.9%(563/2 257),藏东-川西生态区感染率最低,为8.2%(186/2 273),不同生态区人群感染率差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。雷波县人体重点寄生虫感染率最高,为53.9%(407/755),若尔盖县感染率最低,为1.9%(10/522),不同县(市、区)人群感染率差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。男、女性人体重点寄生虫感染率分别为14.6%(768/5 247)和16.2%(994/6 156),差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。70~79岁和≥ 80岁人群重点寄生虫感染率最高,均为21.4%(221/1 034、46/215),20~29岁和40~49岁感染率最低,均为12.3%(100/813、273/2 217),不同年龄组人群感染率差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。小学文化程度人群重点寄生虫感染率最高,为17.4%(931/5 338),高中、中专文化程度人群感染率最低,为5.5%(19/346),不同文化程度人群感染率差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。农民重点寄生虫感染率最高,为16.5%(1 397/8 475),学生感染率次之,为12.7%(190/1 491),不同职业人群感染率差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。彝族人群重点寄生虫感染率最高,为65.0%(253/389),汉族人群感染率次之,为16.0%(1 255/7 857),不同民族间感染率差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,女性、年龄较大者、彝族人群、文化程度较低者是重点寄生虫的易感人群。结论 四川省调查人群的主要感染虫种为蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫等土源性线虫。川西南-滇中北山地生态区、四川盆地生态区感染率较高,是重点防治地区。女性、年龄较大者、彝族人群、文化程度较低者感染率较高,是重点防治人群。

关键词: 人体重点寄生虫, 感染现状, 四川省

Abstract:

Objective To understand the endemic status of major human parasitic infections in Sichuan Province. Methods According to the National Survey Plan and Implementation Rules for the Status of Human Major Parasitic Infections, total 45 survey sites were selected from 15 counties (cities and districts) within 5 ecological zones of Sichuan Province using stratified cluster and randomly sampling method for investigation of major human parasitic infections from April to June in 2015. No less than 250 rural permanent villagers (above 0 year old) were enrolled from each site in the survey and the fecal samples were collected from each participant. The intestinal helminth eggs were examined under microscope using modified Kato-Katz thick smear method (duplicate for each sample). The intestinal protozoan cysts and trophozoites were examined using Lugol’s iodine staining method and saline smear method, respectively. The Enterobius vermicularis eggs were identified using transparent tape anal swab method for children with 3-6 years old. SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The infection difference among different population and areas was compared by χ2 test. Unconditional logistic multivariate regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of common parasitic infections. Results Total 11 403 participants were involved in the survey with overall prevalence of 15.5% (1 762/11 403) for all intestinal parasite infections. Five intestinal nematodes were identified in infected people including Ascaris lumbricoides (4.7%, 540/11 403), hookworm (7.1%, 811/11 403), Trichuris trichiura (3.2%, 360/11 403), Enterobius vermicularis (0.1%, 10/11 403) and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.1%, 6/11 403). Three tapeworms were identified with 55 cases of Taenia infections, 3 cases infected with Hymenolepis and 1 case with Spirometra mansoni. Total 9 protozoan species were identified in infected people including Entamoeba histolytica, E. coli, Gardia lamblia, Blastocystis hominis, E. hartmani, Endolimax nana, Balantidium coli, Iodamoeba butschlii and Embadomonas intestinalis with overall prevalence of 2.0% (223/11 403). The highest prevalence of intestinal parasite infections of 24.9% (563/2 257) was determined in the Southwest Sichuan-North Yunnan mountainous ecological zone and lowest (8.2%, 186/2 273) in the Eastern Tibet-Western Sichuan ecological zone, with statistical significance for the different prevalence among different ecological zones (P < 0.01). In terms of the distribution of parasitic infections, Leibo County had the highest prevalence of 53.9% (407/755), and Ruoergai County had the lowest of 1.9% (10/522), with significant difference among different counties (cities and districts) (P < 0.01). The prevalence of intestinal parasites in females (16.2%, 994/6 156) was significant higher than that in males (14.6%, 768/5 247) (P < 0.05). Regarding the age, the highest prevalence was identified in people aged 70-79 and over 80 years (21.4%, 221/1 034, 46/215) and the lowest prevalence in people aged 20-29 (12.3%, 100/813) and 40-49 (12.3%, 273/2 217), with significant difference of prevalence among different age groups (P < 0.01). Regarding the education distribution, the highest prevalence of intestinal parasites was found in people with low education of primary school (17.4%, 931/538) and the lowest in people with high school and secondary school (5.5%, 19/346), with significant difference among people with different educational levels (P < 0.01). Regarding the occupation distribution, the highest prevalence of 16.5% (1 397/8 475) was found in farmers, followed by school students (12.7%, 190/1 491), with significant difference among different occupations (P < 0.01). Regarding the ethnic distribution, the highest prevalence was found in Yi people (65.0%, 253/389), followed by Han (16.0%, 1 255/7 857), with significant difference among different ethnic groups (P < 0.01). Unconditional logistic multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that female, elders, Yi nationality and people with low education level were susceptible populations of intestinal parasite infections. Conclusion The soil-transmitted nematodes A. lumbricoides, hookworm and T. trichiura are the main species infecting people in Sichuan Province. The prevention and control measures should be focused on female, elders, Yi nationality and people with low education level, and those living in Southwest Sichuan-North Yunnan mountainous and Sichuan basin ecological zones who have the highest prevalence of intestinal parasites.

Key words: Major human parasites, Endemic statue, Sichuan Province

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