Table of Content

31 August 1994, Volume 12 Issue 3

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AMPLIFICATION IN VITRO AND IDENTIFICATION OF SMALL SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL DNA FRAGMENT OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM 

1994, 12(3):  169-171. 

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According to computer analysis of SSUrDNA sequences of Plasmodium ,other protozooa and human,two oligonucleotide primers were designed.A DNA fragment,about 570 base pairs,was successfully amplified by two temperature point polymerase chain reaction from the genomic DNA of cultivated erythrocytic stage of P.falciparum FCC/YN(Simao),but no fragment was obtained from that of P.vivax,L.donovani,T.gondii and humans.It has been confirmed that the amplified fragment was indeed expected SSUrDNA segment of P.falciparum by means of restriction endonuclease digestions and Northern blot hybridization.

STUDY ON ALLELE FREQUENCY IN ONCOMELANIA FROM THE MAINLAND OF CHINA 

1994, 12(3):  172-177. 

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Nine populations of Oncomelania,field collected from Anhui,Shanghai ,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Jiangxi,Hunan,Hubei,Sichuan and Yunnan were studied by horizontal starch gel electrophoretic method with 24 enzyme systems(AAT,AcPH,AK,AO,APH,CK,EST,GDH,GPI,G6PD,HBD,ISDH,LAP,LDH,ME,MDH,MPI,NADD,OCT,PGM,6PGD,SDH,SOD,XDH)analyzed.40 loci and 117 alleles were detected in the Oncomelania.Both of GPI and PGM Ⅰ,with 7 alleles,were the most variable loci.22 loci had more than 3 alleles each.Of 40 loci examined in the 24 isozyme systems,14 were found to be polymorphic,the proportion of multilocus enzymes being 58.3%.Our results showed that the genetic polymorphism existing in the populations of Oncomelania in the mainland of China.PGM and MDH,were found in both the populations of Oncomelania and strains of Schistosoma japonicum in the mainland of China.The results provided a new idea for studying snails and Schistosoma.Also,we found that there might be some correlation between the polymorphic locus and the feature of the shell of Oncomelania snail.

PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON ALVEOLAR HYDATID IN GERBILS TREATED WITH ALBENDAZOLE AND Yquiton

1994, 12(3):  178-181. 

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Pathological changes in alveolar hydatids from experimentally infected gerbils were studied after administration of albendazole or yquiton.The animals were divided into several groups including the control one,and drugs of different dosages were given separately to different groups with diverse durations of infection.According to the microscopical observation,the hydatids could be categorized into 3 grades:grade Ⅰ,degenerated cysts;grade Ⅱ, stable cysts (showing no proliferation);gradeⅢ,proliferated cysts.Larger proportion of grade Ⅰ cysts were found in the group treated with albendazole at high dosage(33.3%)and the two groups treated with yquiton(25.0% and 16.3%).The proportion of grade Ⅰ cysts in gerbils with shorter duration (45 d) of infection was larger than those with longer duration(60 d).Lymphocyte infiltration to various extent was present surrounding the alveolar hydatid cysts in all the treated groups.More marked infiltration of lymphocytes was observed in albendazole treated gerbils(106.9±34.3 300.1±59.5)( P 0.001).However,the combined medication of albendazole and yquiton was less efficacious.

CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON 28 CASES OF CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN KARAMAY AREA 

1994, 12(3):  182-184. 

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Clinicopathological observations on 28 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis with dermal lesions for 1 48 months were carried out. The cutaneous lesions detected in the patients might be categorized into four types.1. Papular eruption or plaque. It was predominated by inflammatory reaction,including numerous leishmanias and macrophages and other inflammatory cells infiltrating in cutaneous tissue.2. Soft node or abscess.It was composed of necrotic tissues,many degenerated and dead leishmanias as well as disintegrated inflammatory cells in the focal site.3. Ulceration.It contained necrotic cutaneous tissue,a considerable number of dead leishmanias and granuloma formation.4. Hard nodule.Tissue proliferation and healing were distinct,which was indicated by the increase of fibrobcasts and fibrous tissue formation,round cells infiltration as well as the foreign body giant cell appearance;besides,a few leishmanias existed;occasionally,scar formation was visible in the superficial and deep layers of the derma. The paper presented for the first time in the histopathological changes of cutaneous leishmaniasis in China.And,the description of cutaneous lesions will be of significance in the differential diagnosis between cutaneous leishmaniasis and post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis.

EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL STUDY ON PNEUMOCYSTOSIS III. DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY AGAINST PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII

1994, 12(3):  188-191. 

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BALB/c mice were repeatedly inoculated subcutaneously with purified rat source Pneumocystis carinii (P.c.) cysts.Six weeks later,the spleen cells were fused with NSI myeloma cells,and a mouse hybridoma producing monoclonal antibody against P.c. was establishted and cloned,which was named as 4D7 McAb.Its mean of chromosome was 82.The 4D7 McAb was shown to be IgG1 subclass.It reacted mainly with 54 kDa polypeptide of P.c. in EITB.4D7 McAb could clearly recognize P.c.by immunohistochemical staining in the specimens from confirmed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia(PCP)patients,and the sensitivity and specificity were both 100% for diagnosis of PCP(11/11).No cross reaction of 4D7 McAb was found with Pneumococcus,Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans,as well as all examined normal human tissues.

STUDY ON INFLUENCE DEGREE OF PROBABILITY OF ENDEMIC FACTORS FOR SCHISTOSOMIASIS TRANSMISSION IN YUNNAN MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS

1994, 12(3):  192-195. 

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In Zhonghe Village of Weishan County,Yunnan Province,a schistosomiasis endemic area of mountainous valley subtype,an epidemiological investigation was conducted on its natural,biological and social factors influencing schistosomiasis transmission in 1987 1990.The results were analyzed by stratified sampling analysis and probability accumulation method.It was demonstrated that 12 of 29 factors were the most important factors influencing schistosomiasis transmission including annual average air temperature,number of infection sources,number of spots with infected snails,water temperature and annual average rainfall,etc.The values of influence degree before and after intervention measures were 3.513 and 2.066 ,respectively,the decrease being 41%.

SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM :SIZE OF EGG GRANULOMAS IN VACCINATED AND NON VACCINATED HOSTS AS OBSERVED IN BOVINES

1994, 12(3):  196-198. 

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The present paper reported the results of studies on the size of Schistosoma japo nicum egg granulomas in susceptible and poorly susceptible,vaccinated and non vaccinated,hosts as observed in bovines.It was noted that in both cattle and buffaloes,the mean size of the granuloma was smaller in vaccinated than in the non vaccinated.The vaccinated bovines will accordingly not only be benefited by the reduction of the survival rate of the challenged schistosomula but also by decreasing the size of the egg granulomas.

DYNAMIC STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM SEAIC LEVEL AND HEPATIC PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN MICE INFECTED WITH SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM

1994, 12(3):  209-213. 

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Using purified rabbit polyclonal antibodies to SEA,avidin biotin system and capture ELISA technique,we observed the dynamic changes in the level of the circulating soluble egg antigen antibody complex(SEAIC)in murine sera at various weeks post infection.Simultaneously,the diameter and area of liver egg granuloma were measured by using profile analytical technique.Serum SEAIC was first detected 4 weeks post infection(p.i.),reaching peak level at 6-7th week,and then gradually dropped,and maintained at moderately high level till the end of the observation(12 weeks p.i. ).Schistosome eggs appeared in liver tissue at 4 weeks p.i..No egg granuloma could be found until 6 weeks p.i..The peak of the average diameter and area of liver egg granuloma was noted at 7 weeks p.i.,then dropped gradually.Its dynamic changes were consistent with that of the serum SEAIC level.It is therefore suggested that the serum SEAIC level could be a reference index reflecting the extent of the pathological changes of the liver.Moreover,SEAIC might play an important role in the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis japonica.

STUDIES ON SPECIFIC DIAGNOSTIC ANTIGEN FOR FILARIASIS

1994, 12(3):  214-217. 

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Soluble antigens of adult worms (MAA) and microfilariae (MFA)were analysed by means of SDS PAGE and enzyme linked immunoboltting (ELIB).The adult worms and microfilariae were collected from abdominal cavity of Mongolian jirds infected with Brugia malayi .The results indicated that MFA shared 64-67 kDa and 56-58 kDa protein components with the peritoneal fluid of the normal jirds.Sera from normal jirds were found to re cognize 60 kDa,74 kDa and 100 kDa fractions of MFA,but did not recognize any bands of MAA.Sera from positive jirds which were infected with B.malayi for 6 months could recognize 42 kDa and 14.5 kDa of MAA,but sera from negative jirds could not.The results indicated that the 42 kDa and 14.5 kDa protein components of MAA might be specific diagnostic antigen fractions.

EFFECT OF ALBENDAZOLE ON ANCYLOSTOMA CANINUM LARVAE MIGRATING IN THE MUSCLES OF MICE

1994, 12(3):  218-220. 

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When mice inoculated with 1 000 third stage larvae of Ancylostoma caninum for 1 week were treated intragastrically (ig) with albendazole (Alb) 75,150 or 300 mg/kg·d for 3 days,the mean larva numbers collected from the muscles of each group were 2.7 ± 1.7 , 2.0 ± 1.5 and 1.0 ± 1.0 ,respectively,being much less than that 205 ± 68 of the control group.In mice treated ig with Alb 150 mg/ kg ·d for 3 days, the concentrations of Alb and its effective metabolite,albendazole sulfoxide (AlbSO),were determined in plasma and the muscles at different intervals after the last medication using high performance liquid chromatography.The results showed that only low concentrations of Alb were detected in both plasma and the muscles.However,higher concentrations of AlbSO were found not only in the plasma (5.4 10.5 μg/ ml) ,but also in the muscles (2.2 4.6 μg/ g) ,The higher contents of AlbSO in the muscles would be helpful for killing the Ancylostoma larvae migrating in the muscles of mice.

OBSERVATION ON A NEW SENSILLUM OF CERCI OF PERIPLANETA AMERICANA BY SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

1994, 12(3):  229-230. 

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This paper deals with the morphology of the cerci of Periplaneta americana under the scanning electron microscope.In this initial study a new sensillum on the ventral surface of cercus segments is found and described in detail. This sensillum has a upside down disc shaped base with a central slender spear shaped receptor hair,hence the authors named it “speared sensillum”.