中国奶牛源微小隐孢子虫分子流行病学及其亚型分布

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2022.03.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在全球范围内,大多数微小隐孢子虫亚型为人兽共感染虫株。奶牛是微小隐孢子虫自然感染的重要宿主,也是人隐孢子虫病的重要传染来源。本文阐述了奶牛源微小隐孢子虫分子流行病学研究进展,分析中国奶牛源微小隐孢子虫Ⅱd亚型的分布特征和多样性分布规律,探讨Ⅱd亚型变异发展趋势,这对微小隐孢子虫病的防控具有重要意义。

关键词: 微小隐孢子虫, 奶牛, 流行病学, 中国

Abstract:

Globally, most strains of Cryptosporidium parvum subtypes cause zoonotic infections. Dairy cattle are the important host for the natural infection of C. parvum and the important source of infection for human cryptosporidiosis. In this paper, the molecular epidemiology of C. parvum from dairy cattle was reviewed. The Ⅱd subtype distribution of C. parvum in dairy cattle in China was analyzed. The diversity distribution of Ⅱd subtype was summarized and the development trend of Ⅱd subtype was predicted. This review is of great significance for the prevention and control of C. parvum.

Key words: Cryptosporidium parvum, Dairy cattle, Epidemiology, China

中图分类号:

R531.5

陈远才, 黄建营, 李俊强, 张龙现. 中国奶牛源微小隐孢子虫分子流行病学及其亚型分布[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2022, 40(3): 278-284.

CHEN Yuan-cai, HUANG Jian-ying, LI Jun-qiang, ZHANG Long-xian. Molecular epidemiology and subtype distribution of Cryptosporidium parvum from dairy cattle in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2022, 40(3): 278-284.

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位点（缩写）	片段大小/bp	多态特性
微卫星
GP60	800~850	TCA, TCG, TCT
CP47	380~500	TAA, TGA/TAG
Chom3T	480~680	单核苷酸多态性
MSC6-5	389~443	TCT/TCC
ML2	约340	GA
小卫星
HSP70	1 030~1 100	12 bp, 单核苷酸多态性
MSC6-7	545~564	15 bp
Mucin1	650~900	63 bp
DZ-HRGP	590~640	30 bp
RPGR	400~460	18 bp
单核苷酸多态性
ZPT	约630	单核苷酸多态性
CP56	660~750	单核苷酸多态性

国家	样品数量/头	阳性数量/头	感染率/%	参考文献
亚洲
日本	130	35	26.92	[14-15]
巴基斯坦	250	68	27.20	[16]
泰国	1 342	81	6.04	[17⇓-19]
伊朗	272	37	13.60	[20]
印度	724	135	18.64	[21⇓⇓-24]
土耳其	192	42	21.88	[25]
韩国	21	2	9.52	[26]
欧洲
瑞典	494	37	7.49	[27-28]
捷克共和国	5 268	559	10.61	[29-30]
西班牙	1 021	251	24.58	[31-32]
英国	1 110	296	26.67	[33⇓-35]
匈牙利	79	21	26.58	[36]
塞尔维亚	103	62	60.19	[37]
比利时	499	67	13.43	[38]
丹麦	366	80	21.86	[39]
葡萄牙	183	137	74.86	[40]
罗马尼亚	84	10	11.90	[41]
法国	968	402	41.53	[42]
非洲
赞比亚	250	22	8.80	[43]
突尼斯	30	7	23.33	[44]
埃及	344	40	11.63	[45-46]
科尼亚	1 734	17	0.98	[47]
苏丹	149	39	26.17	[48]
阿尔及利亚	694	34	4.90	[49⇓-51]
埃塞俄比亚	392	19	4.85	[52]
北美洲
加拿大	2 439	630	25.83	[53⇓⇓⇓⇓-58]
墨西哥	512	128	25.00	[59]
美国	3 510	469	17.01	[60⇓⇓⇓-64]
南美洲
巴西	1 785	215	12.04	[65⇓⇓⇓⇓-70]
哥伦比亚	432	71	16.44	[71]
大洋洲
新西兰	2 220	222	10.00	[72⇓⇓-75]
澳大利亚	686	193	28.13	[76⇓-78]

省（直辖市、自治区）	亚型（/个）	参考文献
北京	ⅡdA15G1(4),ⅡdA17G1(1), ⅡdA19G1(1)	[92]
甘肃	ⅡdA15G1(2),ⅡdA19G1(4)	[93-94]
广东	ⅡdA19G1(15)	[95-96]
河北	ⅡdA19G1(5),ⅡdA20G1(53)	[81,95,97]
河南	ⅡdA19G1(130)^a	[98⇓⇓-101]
黑龙江	ⅡdA15G1(24),ⅡdA19G1(21), ⅡdA20G1(53)	[95,102⇓ -104]
吉林	ⅡdA19G1(1)	[102]
江苏	ⅡdA19G1(79)	[82]
辽宁	ⅡdA19G1(40)	[102]
宁夏	ⅡdA15G1(147)^a,ⅡdA20G1(1)^a	[80,94,105]
山东	ⅡdA15G1(1)^a,ⅡdA19G1(5)^a, ⅡdA21G1(4)^a
上海	ⅡdA19G1(67)	[106]
四川	ⅡdA15G1(7)	[79]
天津	ⅡdA19G1(5)	[97]
新疆	ⅡdA14G1(113),ⅡdA15G1(177),ⅡdA19G1(13),ⅡdA20G1(21)	[95,107⇓⇓ -110]
合计	ⅡdA14G1(113),ⅡdA15G1(362),ⅡdA17G1(1),ⅡdA19G1(386), ⅡdA20G1(128),ⅡdA21G1(4)