广西蛇类五口虫的形态学鉴定及系统进化分析

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2026.04.016

中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 565-571.doi: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2026.04.016

广西蛇类五口虫的形态学鉴定及系统进化分析

周庆安¹^,²()(), 陈梓梅³, 郑敏², 闭景珊², 李易秦⁴, 胡薇⁵^,⁶^,^*()(), 李健¹^,⁵^,⁶^,^*()()

¹ 广西中医药大学基础医学院，广西南宁 530200
² 广西壮族自治区动物疫病预防控制中心，广西南宁 530200
³ 南宁市野生动植物保护站，广西南宁 530200
⁴ 田林县动物疫病预防控制中心，广西百色 533300
⁵ 内蒙古大学生命科学学院，内蒙古呼和浩特 010021
⁶ 复旦大学生命科学学院，上海 200438

收稿日期:2026-04-27 修回日期:2026-07-06 出版日期:2026-08-30 发布日期:2026-08-18
通讯作者: * 李健（ORCID：0000-0001-5907-0925），男，博士，副教授，从事寄生虫分类学研究。E-mail：leejianshin@163.com；
胡薇（ORCID：0000-0002-4432-5400），女，博士，教授，从事人兽共患病原生物研究。E-mail：huw@fudan.edu.cn
作者简介:周庆安（ORCID：0000-0001-7312-8783），男，硕士，高级兽医师，从事寄生虫分类学研究。E-mail：zhouqingan1@163.com
作者贡献
周庆安负责样品采集、虫种鉴定和论文撰写，李健负责研究设计、实验实施和论文修改，陈梓梅、郑敏、闭景珊和李易秦负责样品采集，胡薇负责论文审校与协调。
基金资助:
国家科技基础条件平台国家寄生虫资源库项目(NPRC-2019-194-30);国家自然科学基金(U22A20526)

Morphological identification and phylogenetic analysis of pentastomids in snakes from Guangxi

ZHOU Qing’an¹^,²()(), CHEN Zimei³, ZHENG Min², BI Jingshan², LI Yiqin⁴, HU Wei⁵^,⁶^,^*()(), LI Jian¹^,⁵^,⁶^,^*()()

¹ College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China
² Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China
³ Nanning Wildlife and Plant Protection Station, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China
⁴ Tianlin County Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Baise 533300, Guangxi, China
⁵ School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
⁶ School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China

Received:2026-04-27 Revised:2026-07-06 Online:2026-08-30 Published:2026-08-18
Contact: * E-mail: leejianshin@163.com; huw@fudan.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Parasitic Resources Center, the Ministry of Science and Technology Fund(NPRC-2019-194-30);National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20526)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解广西蛇类五口虫感染情况，并进行系统发育分析。方法收集2011年9月—2022年12月南宁市野生动植物保护站在救护管理过程中死亡的蛇类，剖检采集五口虫成虫和若虫。采用光学显微镜观察虫体形态并测量体长、腹环数、钩量值及雄虫交合刺等，扫描电镜观察虫体体表微细结构；PCR扩增五口虫18S核糖体RNA（18S rRNA）基因序列，并进行序列比对及系统进化分析。结果共收集158条蛇类样品，五口虫阳性蛇检出率为15.19%（24/158）。获得五口虫162条，感染度为6.75条/阳性蛇，根据形态特征初步鉴定为赖利属、膨头舌虫属、棒头舌虫属。测序结果显示，18S rRNA基因有效序列长度为1 776~1 796 bp，GenBank登录号分别为KC904945、KC904947、MH194559和KC904946，赖利舌虫属（GenBank登录号：KC904945）与秃鹫伊比利舌虫（GenBank登录号：AY304520）的序列一致性最高，为98.62%；膨头舌虫属（GenBank登录号：KC904947）和若虫（GenBank登录号：KC904946）与膨头舌虫未定种（GenBank登录号：MZ919326）的序列一致性最高，均为99.22%；棒头舌虫属（GenBank登录号：MH194559）与近等滑爪舌虫（GenBank登录号：MN065568）的序列一致性最高，为98.50%。系统进化分析显示，东方赖利舌虫位于赖利舌虫相关支系，巴氏膨头舌虫、辐射棒头舌虫及若虫位于孔头舌虫相关支系。巴氏膨头舌虫成虫与若虫聚为一支，自展值为99%；巴氏膨头舌虫成虫序列（GenBank登录号：KC904947）与若虫序列（GenBank登录号：KC904946）间的遗传距离为0.002 4，二者仅有4个位点差异；两条序列与膨头舌虫属未定种参考序列（GenBank登录号：MZ919326）间的遗传距离均为0.007 9。结论广西蛇类存在五口虫感染，检获的五口虫分别为东方赖利舌虫、巴氏膨头舌虫、辐射棒头舌虫和棒头舌虫属未定种。

关键词: 五口虫, 形态学鉴定, 扫描电镜, 18S rRNA, 系统进化

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the prevalence of pentastomid infections in snakes from Guangxi and conduct phylogenetic analysis. Methods Snakes that died during rescue and management at the Nanning Municipal Wild Animals and Plants Protection Station between September 2011 and December 2022 were collected and necropsied, and pentastomid adults and nymphs were recovered. Parasite morphology was examined under an optical microscope, and body length, number of abdominal annulations, hook measurements, and male copulatory spicules were recorded, while tegumental ultrastructure was examined by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the pentastomid 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene was amplified using PCR assay, followed by sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses. Results A total of 158 snakes were collected, and the detection rate of pentastomids was 15.19% (24/158). A total of 162 pentastomid specimens were recovered, with a mean infection intensity of 6.75 worms per infected snake. Based on morphological characteristics, the specimens were provisionally characterized as Raillietiella, Kiricephalus, and Waddycephalus. Sequencing of pentastomid adults and nymphs revealed that the 18S rRNA gene sequences had valid sequence lengths of 1 776 to 1 796 bp, and were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers KC904945, KC904947, MH194559, and KC904946. These sequences showed 98.62% similarity to Hispania vulturis (GenBank accession No. AY304520), 99.22% similarity to Kiricephalus sp. (GenBank accession No. MZ919326), and 98.50% similarity to Levisunguis subaequalis (GenBank accession No. MN065568), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that R. orientalis was located within the Raillietiella-related lineage, whereas K. pattoni adults and nymphs and W. radiata were located within the Porocephalus-related lineage. K. pattoni adults and nymphs were clustered into a clade with 99% bootstrap support. The genetic distance between sequences of K. pattoni adults (GenBank accession number: KC904947) and nymphs (GenBank accession number: KC904946) was 0.002 4, with only four nucleotide differences, while the genetic distances between each of these sequences and the reference sequence of Kiricephalus sp. (GenBank accession number: MZ919326) were both 0.007 9. Conclusion Pentastomids were detected in snakes from Guangxi, and the recovered specimens were identified as R. orientalis, K. pattoni, W. radiata, and Waddycephalus sp.

Key words: Pentastomida, Morphological identification, Scanning electron microscopy, 18S rRNA, Phylogenetic analysis

中图分类号:

R383.9

周庆安, 陈梓梅, 郑敏, 闭景珊, 李易秦, 胡薇, 李健. 广西蛇类五口虫的形态学鉴定及系统进化分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2026, 44(4): 565-571.

ZHOU Qing’an, CHEN Zimei, ZHENG Min, BI Jingshan, LI Yiqin, HU Wei, LI Jian. Morphological identification and phylogenetic analysis of pentastomids in snakes from Guangxi[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2026, 44(4): 565-571.

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参考文献 22

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宿主 Host	蛇数 No. examined	检出率/% Detection rate/%	感染度 Infection intensity range	寄生部位 Site of infection
眼镜蛇 N. atra	49	15（30.6）	1~33	肺部和体腔 Lungs and body cavity
滑鼠蛇 P. mucosa	105	7（6.7）	1~5	肺部、皮下 Lungs; subcutaneous tissue
草腹链蛇 A. stolatum	1	1（1/1）	51	肺部和体腔 Lungs and body cavity
三索锦蛇 C. radiatus	1	1（1/1）	2	肺部 Lungs
王锦蛇 E. carinata	2	0	0	-

广西蛇类五口虫的形态学鉴定及系统进化分析

Morphological identification and phylogenetic analysis of pentastomids in snakes from Guangxi

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