关键词: 重点寄生虫, 流行现状, 调查, 江西省

Abstract:

Objective To investigate and analyze the prevalence and changing trends of major human parasitic diseases in Jiangxi Province, so as to provide insights into optimization of the control strategies and measures. Methods According to the Protocol for National Survey on the Status of Major Human Parasitic Diseases in China in 2025 and based on the actual conditions of Jiangxi Province, soil-transmitted helminth infections were surveyed in ecological zones using a multistage stratified cluster sampling method according to economic conditions and geographical locations. Each survey county was divided into five regions (northeastern, southeastern, southwestern, northwestern, and central) according to geographical locations, and one township was randomly selected from each region. Then, one natural village was randomly selected from each township as the survey point, with 200 individuals surveyed per point. Three townships were randomly sampled from Xinfeng County, an area endemic for Clonorchis sinensis in Jiangxi Province, and one natural village was randomly sampled from each township as the survey point, with 200 individuals surveyed per point. Helminth (soil-transmitted nematodes, C. sinensis and Taenia spp.) eggs were detected using a modified Kato-Katz thick smear technique, while pinworms were detected among children at ages of 3 to 9 years using a cellophane tape test. Results A total of 18 155 individuals were surveyed across 88 survey points in 18 counties of Jiangxi Province, including 896 children detected for pinworm infections. Six species of intestinal helminths were identified, including hookworm, Trichuris trichiura, Enterobius vermicularis, C. sinensis, Paragonimus, and Echinostoma. The average prevalence rates of intestinal helminth infections and soil-transmitted nematode infections were 1.47% (266/18 155) and 0.90% (163/18 155), while the prevalence rates of hookworm, T. trichiura, E. vermicularis, C. sinensis infections were 0.75% (137/18 155), 0.15% (27/18 155), 0.11% (20/18 155), and 0.44% (80/18 155), respectively. In addition, Echinostoma infections were detected among 5 individuals and Paragonimus infection occurred among one individual. The prevalence of pinworm infections was 2.01% (18/896) among children at ages of 3 to 9 years. The highest prevalence of helminth infections was recorded in the Nanling Mountain and Hilly Ecological Zone (2.96%, 79/2 666), while the lowest was seen in the Zhejiang-Fujian Mountain and Hilly Ecological Zone (0.34%, 7/2 035) (χ² = 44.09, P < 0.01). The highest prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections (1.38%, 101/7 324) was found in the Hunan-Jiangxi Hilly and Mountain Ecological Zone (χ² = 37.97, P < 0.01), with the highest prevalence of T. trichiura infections in the Plain Ecological Zone of the Middle and Lower reaches of the Yangtze River (0.28%, 17/6 130), the highest prevalence of hookworm infections in the Hunan-Jiangxi Hilly and Mountain Ecological Zone (1.27%, 93/7 324) (χ² = 44.91, P < 0.01), and 88.75% (71/80) of C. sinensis infections concentrated in the Nanling Mountain and Hilly Ecological Zone. In terms of survey counties, the highest prevalence of hookworm infections was seen in Le’an County (2.19%, 23/1 052), and the highest prevalence of C. sinensis infections was recorded in Xinfeng County (11.61%, 70/603). In terms of genders, the prevalence of C. sinensis infections was higher among men (0.72%, 63/8 799) than among women (0.18%, 17/9 356) (χ² = 29.51, P < 0.01), and the prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections was higher among women (1.10%, 103/9 356) than among men (0.68%, 60/8 799) (χ² = 8.95, P < 0.05). Helminth infections were detected among individuals across all age groups, with the highest prevalence found among individuals at ages of 70 years and older (2.27%, 110/4 849) and the lowest at ages of 10 to 19 years (0.41%, 6/1 446). Parasitic infections recorded among individuals with all occupations except scattered children, and the highest prevalence rates of helminth (1.70%, 227/13 354), soil-transmitted nematode (1.12%, 150/13 354), T. trichiura (0.18%, 24/13 354), hookworm (0.95%, 127/13 354) and C. sinensis infections (0.55%, 74/13 354) were all found among farmers. Conclusion The infection rates of key parasites among the population in Jiangxi Province have all dropped to historical lows, yet certain issues still stand out prominently-such as hookworm infections among people aged 60 and above, pinworm infections in children aged 3 to 9, and C. sinensis infections in regions where raw freshwater fish is consumed. The health education-led integrated control strategy with an emphasis on the management of the source of infections has achieved remarkable effectiveness, which is recommended to be implemented for a long time of period.

Key words: Major parasite, Current prevalence, Survey, Jiangxi Province