恶性疟原虫非编码RNA的研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

疟疾依然是世界上严重危害人类健康的3大传染病之一。在 5种导致人类疟疾的疟原虫中,恶性疟原虫（Plasmodium falciparum）毒力最强、致死率最高。研究表明,红内期恶性疟原虫能够逃避宿主免疫系统,与其抗原编码基因的互斥性表达密不可分,这依赖于其发育过程具有精密的基因表达调控机制。目前对其基因表达调控机制研究尚不够深入。已有研究发现,恶性疟原虫中具有丰富的非编码RNA（non-coding RNA,ncRNA）,其中一部分ncRNA已被证实在恶性疟原虫生长发育和致病过程相关的基因表达调控中发挥着重要作用。本文就近年恶性疟原虫相关ncRNA的功能研究进展进行综述,以加深对疟原虫基因表达调控机制的理解,从而为疟原虫致病的分子机制研究提供理论基础。

关键词: 疟疾, 恶性疟原虫, 非编码RNA

Abstract:

Malaria remains among the top three infectious diseases in the world and poses a serious threat to human health. Among the five Plasmodium species that cause human malaria, Plasmodium falciparum has the highest virulence and is the most lethal one. It has been shown that the immune evasion of parasites is closely related to the mutually exclusive expression of antigen-coding genes in P. falciparum, which depends on the precise gene regulatory mechanism. There are a large number of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in P. falciparum, and some of them have been found to play a vital role in gene expression during parasite development and in pathogenesis. In this review we summarize recent findings on functions of P. falciparum-related ncRNAs, in order to advance our understanding of the regulation of Plasmodium gene expression and provide a theoretical basis for studies on molecular mechanism of Plasmodium pathogenesis.

Key words: Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, Non-coding RNA

中图分类号:

R382.312

王志华, 魏春燕, 王恒. 恶性疟原虫非编码RNA的研究进展[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2018, 36(4): 409-413.

Zhi-hua WANG, Chun-yan WEI, Heng WANG. Research development on non-coding RNA of Plasmodium falciparum[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2018, 36(4): 409-413.

参考文献 39

[1]	李缜, 李晶晶, 邹洋, 等. 疟原虫表观遗传学研究进展[J]. 中国热带医学, 2017, 17(6): 630-634.
[2]	于爱萍, 沈玉娟. 长链非编码RNA在寄生虫中的研究进展[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2017, 35(3): 294-298, 304.
[3]	Mattick JS, Makunin IV.Non-coding RNA[J]. Hum Mol Genet, 2006, 15(Suppl 1): R17-R29.
[4]	Moazed D.Small RNAs in transcriptional gene silencing and genome defence[J]. Nature, 2009, 457(7228): 413-420.
[5]	Rathjen T, Nicol C, McConkey G, et al. Analysis of short RNAs in the malaria parasite and its red blood cell host[J]. FEBS Lett, 2006, 580(22): 5185-5188.
[6]	Xue X, Zhang Q, Huang Y, et al. No miRNA were found in Plasmodium and the ones identified in erythrocytes could not be correlated with infection[J]. Malar J, 2008, 7: 47.
[7]	Ullu E, Tschudi C, Chakraborty T.RNA interference in protozoan parasites[J]. Cell Microbiol, 2004, 6(6): 509-519.
[8]	杨培梁, 陈晓光. 弓形虫表观遗传学研究进展[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2012, 30(3): 228-232.
[9]	Baum J, Papenfuss AT, Mair GR, et al. Molecular genetics and comparative genomics reveal RNAi is not functional in malaria parasites[J]. Nucleic Acids Res, 2009, 37(11): 3788-3798.
[10]	Nicolás FE, Torres-Martínez S, Ruiz-Vázquez RM.Loss and retention of RNA interference in fungi and parasites[J]. PLoS Pathog, 2013, 9(1): e1003089.
[11]	Malhotra P, Dasaradhi PV, Kumar A, et al. Double-stranded RNA-mediated gene silencing of cysteine proteases (falcipain-1 and -2) of Plasmodium falciparum[J]. Mol Microbiol, 2002, 45(5): 1245-1254.
[12]	Regev-Rudzki N, Wilson DW, Carvalho TG, et al. Cell-cell communication between malaria-infected red blood cells via exosome-like vesicles[J]. Cell, 2013, 153(5): 1120-1133.
[13]	Wang Z, Xi J, Hao X, et al. Red blood cells release microparticles containing human argonaute 2 and miRNAs to target genes of Plasmodium falciparum[J]. Emerg Microbes Infect, 2017, 6(8): e75.
[14]	Hakimi MA, Cannella D.Apicomplexan parasites and subversion of the host cell microRNA pathway[J]. Trends Parasitol, 2011, 27(11): 481-486.
[15]	Tavallaie R, De Almeida SR, Gooding JJ.Toward biosensors for the detection of circulating microRNA as a cancer biomarker: an overview of the challenges and successes[J]. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol, 2015, 7(4): 580-592.
[16]	Broadbent KM, Broadbent JC, Ribacke U, et al. Strand-specific RNA sequencing in Plasmodium falciparum malaria identifies developmentally regulated long non-coding RNA and circular RNA[J]. BMC Genomics, 2015, 16: 454.
[17]	Li D, Wang Y, Zhang K, et al. Experimental RNomics and genomic comparative analysis reveal a large group of species-specific small non-message RNAs in the silkworm Bombyx mori[J]. Nucleic Acids Res, 2011, 39(9): 3792-3805.
[18]	Yan D, He D, He S, et al. Identification and analysis of intermediate size noncoding RNAs in the human fetal brain[J]. PLoS One, 2011, 6(7): e21652.
[19]	Broadbent KM, Park D, Wolf AR, et al. A global transcriptional analysis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria reveals a novel family of telomere-associated lncRNAs[J]. Genome Biol, 2011, 12(6): R56.
[20]	Raabe CA, Sanchez CP, Randau G, et al. A global view of the nonprotein-coding transcriptome in Plasmodium falciparum[J]. Nucl Acid Res, 2010, 38(2): 608-617.
[21]	Chakrabarti K, Pearson M, Grate L, et al. Structural RNAs of known and unknown function identified in malaria parasites by comparative genomics and RNA analysis[J]. RNA, 2007, 13(11): 1923-1939.
[22]	Wei C, Xiao T, Zhang P, et al. Deep profiling of the novel intermediate-size noncoding RNAs in intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum[J]. PLoS One, 2014, 9(4): e92946.
[23]	Guizetti J, Barcons-Simon A, Scherf A.Trans-acting GC-rich non-coding RNA at var expression site modulates gene counting in malaria parasite[J]. Nucl Acid Res, 2016, 44(20): 9710-9718.
[24]	Mourier T, Carret C, Kyes S, et al. Genome-wide discovery and verification of novel structured RNAs in Plasmodium falciparum[J]. Genome Res, 2008, 18(2): 281-292.
[25]	Lee N, Yario TA, Gao JS, et al. EBV noncoding RNA EBER2 interacts with host RNA-binding proteins to regulate viral gene expression[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2016, 113(12): 3221-3226.
[26]	Goel S, Palmkvist M, Moll K, et al. RIFINs are adhesins implicated in severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria[J]. Nat Med, 2015, 21(4): 314-317.
[27]	路畅, 黄银花, 动物长链非编码RNA研究进展[J]. 遗传, 2017, 39(11): 1054-1065.
[28]	Ferre F, Colantoni A, Helmer-Citterich M.Revealing protein-lncRNA interaction[J]. Brief Bioinform, 2016, 17(1): 106-116.
[29]	Wilusz JE, Sunwoo H, Spector DL.Long noncoding RNAs: functional surprises from the RNA world[J]. Genes Dev, 2009, 23(13): 1494-1504.
[30]	Rezanejad BH, Asadi MH, Yaghoobi MM.Long noncoding RNA VIM-AS1 promotes colorectal cancer progression and metastasis by inducing EMT[J]. Eur J Cell Biol, 2018. [Epub ahead of print]
[31]	Liao Q, He W, Liu J, et al. Identification and functional annotation of lncRNA genes with hypermethylation in colorectal cancer[J]. Gene, 2015, 572(2): 259-265.
[32]	Sierra-Miranda M, Delgadillo DM, Mancio-Silva L, et al. Two long non-coding RNAs generated from subtelomeric regions accumulate in a novel perinuclear compartment in Plasmodium falciparum[J]. Mol Biochem Parasitol, 2012, 185(1): 36-47.
[33]	Epp C, Li F, Howitt CA, et al. Chromatin associated sense and antisense noncoding RNAs are transcribed from the var gene family of virulence genes of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum[J]. RNA, 2009, 15(1): 116-127.
[34]	Duraisingh MT, Voss TS, Marty AJ, et al. Heterochromatin silencing and locus repositioning linked to regulation of virulence genes in Plasmodium falciparum[J]. Cell, 2005, 121(1): 13-24.
[35]	Avraham I, Schreier J, Dzikowski R.Insulator-like pairing elements regulate silencing and mutually exclusive expression in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2012, 109(52): E3678-E3686.
[36]	Deitsch KW.A mark of silence in malaria parasites[J]. Cell Host Microbe, 2009, 5(2): 112-113.
[37]	Jiang L, Mu J, Zhang Q, et al. PfSETvs methylation of histone H3K36 represses virulence genes in Plasmodium falciparum[J]. Nature, 2013, 499(7457): 223-227.
[38]	Ralph SA, Bischoff E, Mattei D, et al. Transcriptome analysis of antigenic variation in Plasmodium falciparum--var silencing is not dependent on antisense RNA[J]. Genome Biol, 2005, 6(11): R93.
[39]	Amit-Avraham I, Pozner G, Eshar S, et al. Antisense long noncoding RNAs regulate var gene activation in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2015, 112(9): E982-E991.