基于GBIF数据的我国福寿螺时空分布及其遗传溯源关联分析

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2026.04.008

中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 512-516.doi: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2026.04.008

基于GBIF数据的我国福寿螺时空分布及其遗传溯源关联分析

毛琦¹()(), 余晴²^,^*()(), 吕锡宏¹, 孙中兴¹, 靳艳军²

¹ 上海市松江区疾病预防控制中心（上海市松江区卫生健康监督所），上海 201600
² 上海市疾病预防控制中心（上海市预防医学科学院），上海 201107

收稿日期:2026-01-05 修回日期:2026-04-08 出版日期:2026-08-30 发布日期:2026-08-12
通讯作者: * 余晴（ORCID：0000-0002-6459-072X），男，硕士，研究员，从事寄生虫病预防与控制研究。E-mail：yuqing_1@scdc.sh.cn
作者简介:毛琦（ORCID：0009-0007-6869-6875），男，本科，主管医师，从事寄生虫病防治工作。E-mail：sjcdc@foxmail.com
作者贡献
毛琦负责监测数据收集、审核、整理分析和论文撰写，余晴负责论文撰写和审核修订，吕锡宏、孙中兴、靳艳军负责论文指导及技术支持。
基金资助:
上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划（2023—2025年）重点学科(GWVI-11.1-04);上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划（2023—2025年）重点学科(GWVI-11.1-13)

Spatiotemporal distribution of Pomacea snails in China based on GBIF data and its association with genetic tracing

MAO Qi¹()(), YU Qing²^,^*()(), LV Xihong¹, SUN Zhongxing¹, JIN Yanjun²

¹ Shanghai Songjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Shanghai Songjiang District Health Supervision Institute), Shanghai 201600, China
² Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Shanghai Academy of Preventive Medicine), Shanghai 201107, China

Received:2026-01-05 Revised:2026-04-08 Online:2026-08-30 Published:2026-08-12
Contact: * E-mail: yuqing_1@scdc.sh.cn
Supported by:
Three-Year Action Plan for Strengthening the Public Health System in Shanghai (2023-2025) Key Disciplines(GWVI-11.1-04);Three-Year Action Plan for Strengthening the Public Health System in Shanghai (2023-2025) Key Disciplines(GWVI-11.1-13)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的分析全球生物多样性信息网络（GBIF）平台上我国福寿螺出现记录的时空分布特征及其与遗传溯源的关联，为福寿螺热点定殖区和风险区的精准监测防控提供参考。方法收集2001—2024年GBIF平台上我国福寿螺有效出现记录，采用SPSS 26.0软件进行描述性统计分析；系统检索同时间段内我国福寿螺遗传溯源研究文献，提取种群遗传结构与溯源证据，综合分析二者关联性。结果共筛选有效记录1 785条，覆盖我国17个省级行政区。记录类型以人类观察为主（1 669条，93.50%），坐标不确定度均值为70.42 m，空间精度较高。有效记录的纬度范围为18.298 967°N（海南）至32.078 623°N（江苏），经度范围为100.787 644°E（云南）至121.924 861°E（台湾），呈现“南多北少”的分布特征。台湾（1 435条，80.39%）、湖南（108条，6.05%）和广东（85条，4.76%）为3大核心记录热点地区。时间上呈“零星发展-缓慢起步-暴发增长”3个阶段变化特征，2001—2010年共记录4条；2011—2020年共记录503条（年均50.3条），2021—2024年记录数激增至1 278条（年均319.5条），2024年达峰值386条，其中台湾贡献364条（占94.30%，364/386）。文献复习纳入9篇遗传溯源研究，结果显示小管福寿螺为我国绝对优势种，来源均指向南美洲阿根廷和巴西，台湾种群遗传结构最为复杂，长江下游（江苏、上海）小管福寿螺遗传多样性较高（单倍型多样性 = 0.627），部分GBIF记录热点与遗传多样性高值区高度吻合。结论部分GBIF记录热点与福寿螺高遗传多样性区域空间分布高度一致，台湾为核心扩散起点，长江下游存在独立入侵事件和持续北扩态势。

关键词: 福寿螺, 全球生物多样性信息网络, 出现记录, 分布特征, 遗传溯源

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of Pomacea snail presence records in China in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) platform and their associations with genetic tracing, so as to provide insights into precise monitoring and control of hotspot colonization and risk areas of Pomacea snails. Methods Records of valid Pomacea snail presence in China from 2001 to 2024 were collected from the GBIF platform, and a descriptive statistical was performed using the software SPSS 26.0. In addition, publications regarding genetic tracing of Pomacea snails in China were systematically retrieved during the same study period, and population genetic structure and tracing evidence were extracted from publications to comprehensively examine their correlations. Results A total of 1 785 valid records were screened, covering 17 province-level administrative regions in China. The records were predominantly based on human observations (1 669 records, 93.50%), with a mean coordinate uncertainty of 70.42 m, indicating high spatial accuracy. The latitudes of valid records ranged from 18.298 967°N (Hainan) to 32.078 623°N (Jiangsu) and the longitudes ranged from 100.787 644°E (Yunnan) to 121.924 861°E (Taiwan), exhibiting a distribution pattern of a higher density in the southern region and a lower density in the northern region. Taiwan (1 435 records, 80.39%), Hunan (108 records, 6.05%), and Guangdong (85 records, 4.76%) emerged as the three primary hotspots for records. Temporally, a three-phase progression characteristic of “sporadic development” “slow initial growth” and “explosive growth” was found. From 2001 to 2010, a total of 4 records were documented; from 2011 to 2020, 503 records (an annual average of 50.3) were recorded. The record counts surged to 1 278 during the period between 2021 and 2024 (an annual average of 319.5), peaking in 2024 (386 records), with Taiwan as the primary contributor (364 records, 94.30%). A literature review of nine studies on genetic tracing revealed P. canaliculata as the overwhelmingly dominant Pomacea species in China, with origins traced to Argentina and Brazil in South America. Pomacea snail populations in Taiwan exhibited the most complicated genetic structure, while Pomacea snail populations from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River (Jiangsu and Shanghai) showed high genetic diversity (Hd = 0.627). In addition, some hotspots recorded in GBIF strongly coincided with areas with a high genetic diversity. Conclusion Some hotspots recorded in GBIF are spatially consistent with areas with a high genetic diversity of Pomacea snails. Taiwan serves as the core dispersal origin, while the lower reaches of the Yangtze River exhibit independent invasion events and a sustained northward expansion trend.

Key words: Pomacea, Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Occurrence record, Distribution characteristic, Genetic tracing

中图分类号:

Q958

毛琦, 余晴, 吕锡宏, 孙中兴, 靳艳军. 基于GBIF数据的我国福寿螺时空分布及其遗传溯源关联分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2026, 44(4): 512-516.

MAO Qi, YU Qing, LV Xihong, SUN Zhongxing, JIN Yanjun. Spatiotemporal distribution of Pomacea snails in China based on GBIF data and its association with genetic tracing[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2026, 44(4): 512-516.

图/表 2

表1

表2

参考文献 26

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地区 Region	记录数（占比/%） Number of records ( Proportion/%)	最低纬度/°N Lowest latitude/°N	最高纬度/°N Highest latitude/°N	最低经度/°E Lowest longitude/°E	最高经度/°E Highest longitude/°E
台湾 Taiwan	1 435（80.39）	22.025 617	25.273 225	118.396 825	121.924 861
湖南 Hunan	108（6.05）	27.668 27	28.528 04	111.431 887	113.367 648
广东 Guangdong	85（4.76）	22.127 852	23.657 012	113.022 353	114.413 208
香港 Hong Kong	74（4.15）	22.266 297	22.537 154	113.948 35	114.361 244
浙江 Zhejiang	17（0.95）	28.605 207	30.307 156	119.217 8	121.552 892
江苏 Jiangsu	10（0.56）	31.075 737	32.078 623	118.805 363	120.816 55
福建 Fujian	9（0.5）	24.438 304	26.383 137	118.073 358	119.646 83
江西 Jiangxi	9（0.5）	25.579 866	27.434 422	113.915 581	115.846 169
四川 Sichuan	9（0.5）	30.562 094	30.991 737	104.025 559	104.273 016
云南 Yunnan	7（0.39）	21.927 408	22.033 65	100.787 644	101.254 933
广西 Guangxi	7（0.39）	21.935 63	25.090 574	106.43	110.752 075
海南 Hainan	6（0.34）	18.298 967	20.016 815	109.456 817	110.506 386
安徽 Anhui	3（0.17）	31.541 922	31.690 003	117.361 4	118.506 959
湖北 Hubei	2（0.11）	29.43	29.784 756	113.54	114.359 367
贵州 Guizhou	2（0.11）	24.400 13	26.463 924	106.848 62	106.937 647
重庆 Chongqing	1（0.06）	29.744 468	29.744 468	105.794 77	105.794 77
上海 Shanghai	1（0.06）	31.036 218	31.036 218	120.921 726	120.921 726
合计 Total	1 785（100）	—	—	—	—

坐标不确定度区间/m Uncertainty interval of coordinates/m	记录数/条 No. records/strips	占比/% Proportion/%
空值 Null value	728	40.78
≤ 10	573	32.10
11~100	265	14.85
101~500	194	10.87
501~1 000	25	1.40
合计 Total	1 785	100

基于GBIF数据的我国福寿螺时空分布及其遗传溯源关联分析

Spatiotemporal distribution of Pomacea snails in China based on GBIF data and its association with genetic tracing

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