关键词: 内脏利什曼病, 中国, 疫情, 分布

Abstract:

Objective To understand the prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in China during 2015-2018, providing scientific basis for formulating strategies and measures for prevention and control. Methods Information of VL cases reported during 2015-2018 from the web-based National Diseases Reporting Information System (NDRIS) operated by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention was collected. A database was established after excluding suspected cases, duplicate cases and cutaneous leishmaniasis cases. The three-compartment distribution of VL cases was analyzed with descriptive statistics using Microsoft Excel 2016. Results During 2015-2018, a total of 1 194 VL cases were reported in 177 counties (cities) of 16 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). They were mainly distributed in Xinjiang (669 cases), Gansu (271 cases) and Sichuan Province (79 cases). Of the 177 counties (cities), 73 were endemic areas, reporting 1 064 indigenous cases, while the other 104 counties (cities) were non-endemic areas, reporting 130 imported VL cases. In particular, Jiashi County (497 cases), Zhouqu county (94 cases), Dangchang county (49 cases) and Wudu district (71 cases) were major endemic regions; the number of cases reported in the 4 areas accounted for 59.5% (711/1 194) of the grand total reported. During 2015-2018, VL recurrence occurred in 9 counties of 4 provinces including Gansu, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Henan Provinces, where 25 indigenous cases were reported. The onset of VL peaked during October-November, with a male/female ratio of 1: 0.7. Infants and farmers were high-risk populations of VL, accounting for 67.3% (803/1 194) and 18.8% (224/1 194) of total cases, respectively. The VL cases were mainly distributed within ages of 0-2 years (727 cases). The age distribution of different epidemiological types of VL obviously varied. The desert-type zoonotic and anthroponotic types of VL were mainly distributed within ages of 0-2 years (557 cases and 30 cases), while the mountain-type zoonotic VL was mainly distributed at ages ≥15 years (198 cases). Conclusion Visceral leishmaniasis endemic in China displays a status of low prevalence, but the endemic area shows a trend of expansion.

Key words: Visceral leishmaniasis, China, Prevalence, Distribution