为巩固保山市消除疟疾成果、掌握疟疾疫情特征，对保山市消除疟疾前（2011—2017年）和消除疟疾后（2018—2024年）的疟疾疫情进行整理分析。从中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集保山市2011年1月1日—2024年12月31日的疟疾疫情数据。应用Microsoft Office Excel 2011软件建立数据库，用SPSS 26.0软件对资料进行描述性统计学分析。2011—2024年保山市累计报告疟疾病例1 725例，其中2011年报告病例数最多（406例）、2022年最少（7例），报告病例数总体呈逐年下降趋势；消除疟疾前共报告疟疾病例1 459例（85.58%），消除疟疾后共报告266例（15.42%）。感染虫种以间日疟原虫为主（1 500例，86.96%），消除疟疾前、后的感染虫种分布情况无明显变化。报告病例主要分布在腾冲市（1 154例，66.90%），消除疟疾前、后的地区分布情况无明显变化。2011—2024年各月均有病例报告，其中5月累计报告病例数最多（330例，19.13%），报告高峰期为4—7月（1 029例，59.65%）。报告病例的性别以男性为主（1 486例，86.14%），职业分布以农民为主（1 343例，77.85%），年龄主要分布于20~< 55岁（1 556例，90.20%）；消除疟疾前、后的感染人群均主要为青壮年男性农民。报告病例以输入性病例为主（1 707例，98.96%），其中境外输入1 449例、境内输入276例；消除疟疾前98.77%（1 441/1 459）的报告病例为输入性病例、79.80%（1 165/1 459）为境外输入性病例；消除疟疾后266例报告病例均为境外输入性病例。境外输入感染来源主要为缅甸。2011—2024年保山市各级医疗机构共诊断疟疾病例1 648例。消除疟疾前诊断1 384例，主要为确诊病例（1 343例，97.04%），诊断单位以县级疾病预防控制中心为主（598例，43.21%）；消除疟疾后共诊断疟疾病例264例，均为实验室确诊病例，诊断单位以市级和县级综合医院为主（180例，68.18%）。消除疟疾前，报告病例从发病到就诊时间间隔最短为0 d、最长为214 d；消除疟疾后，从发病到就诊时间间隔最短为0 d、最长为17 d。消除疟疾前，保山市的主要防控措施以减少和消除本地感染为核心；消除疟疾后，保山市的防控重点是及时发现输入性病例，防止本地再传播。调查结果显示，保山市自2014年连续11年无本地感染病例报告，消除疟疾成效显著。但因与缅甸毗邻，保山市输入性疟疾防控形势依然严峻。

To consolidate the achievements of malaria elimination and understand the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Baoshan City, malaria endemic data in Baoshan City before malaria elimination (2011-2017) and after malaria elimination (2018-2024) were collated and analyzed. Malaria endemic data from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2024 in Baoshan City were collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Databases were established using the software Microsoft Office Excel 2011, and descriptive statistical analyses were performed using the software SPSS 26.0. A total of 1 725 malaria cases were reported in Baoshan City from 2011 to 2024, with the highest number of cases reported in 2011 (406 cases) and the lowest in 2022 (7 cases), showing an overall declining trend in the number of reported cases year by year. Before malaria elimination, a total of 1 459 cases (85.58%) were reported, while 266 cases (15.42%) were reported after malaria elimination. The predominant infecting Plasmodium species was P. vivax (1 500 cases, 86.96%), with no change in the distribution of infecting Plasmodium species before and after malaria elimination. Reported cases were mainly distributed in Tengchong City (1 154 cases, 66.90%), with no change in regional distribution before and after malaria elimination. Cases were reported every month from 2011 to 2024, with the highest cumulative number of cases reported in May (330 cases, 19.13%), and the peak reporting period was from April to July (1 029 cases, 59.65%). The reported cases were predominantly male (1 486 cases, 86.14%), with farmers being the main occupational group (1 343 cases, 77.85%), and the age group mainly distributed between 20 and 55 years old (1 556 cases, 90.20%). The main population affected before and after malaria elimination consisted of young and middle-aged male farmers. The reported cases were mainly imported (1 707 cases, 98.96%), including 1 449 cases imported from abroad and 276 cases imported domestically. Before malaria elimination, 98.77% (1 441/1 459) of the reported cases were imported, and 79.80% (1 165/1 459) were imported from abroad. After malaria elimination, all 266 reported cases were imported from abroad. The main source of imported infections from abroad was Myanmar. A total of 1 648 malaria cases were diagnosed by medical institutions at all levels within the jurisdiction of Baoshan City from 2011 to 2024. A total of 1 384 cases were diagnosed before malaria elimination, mainly confirmed cases (1 343 cases, 97.04%), with county-level Centers for Disease Control and Prevention being the main diagnostic units (598 cases, 43.21%). A total of 264 malaria cases were diagnosed after malaria elimination, all of which were laboratory-confirmed cases, with municipal and county-level general hospitals being the main diagnostic units (180 cases, 68.18%). Before malaria elimination, the shortest time interval from onset to seeking medical care for reported cases was 0-day, and the longest was 214-day. After malaria elimination, the shortest time interval was 0-day, and the longest was 17-day. The main prevention and control measures in Baoshan City focused on reducing and eliminating local infections before malaria elimination, and the prevention and control emphasis shifted to the timely detection of imported cases and the prevention of local re-transmission after malaria elimination. The survey results showed that Baoshan City had reported no locally infected cases for 11 consecutive years since 2014, indicating remarkable achievements in malaria elimination. However, due to its proximity to Myanmar, the situation regarding the prevention and control of imported malaria in Baoshan City remains severe.