目的 了解2016—2023年湖州地区妇幼保健医院检验科检测的女性阴道毛滴虫感染流行病学特征，为防治工作提供科学依据。 方法 收集湖州市妇幼保健院、长兴县妇幼保健院、安吉县妇幼保健院、德清县妇幼保健院等4家医院检验科实验室管理信息系统中2016年—2023年阴道毛滴虫检测数据，包括患者的临床表现、实验室检查、治疗经过及预后随访等。使用无菌棉签从阴道后穹窿或宫颈口轻轻刮取分泌物，常规病例采用全自动阴道微生态分析仪，疑难病例和复发病例采用PCR检测。采用SPSS26.0软件进行统计分析，不同年份、季节、年龄、专科、户籍等人群检测阳性率的比较采用卡方检验分析。 结果 2016—2023年湖州市4家医院共检测阴道分泌物875 407份，检出阳性7 282份。2016年检测阳性率最高，为1.11%（1 420/128 282）；2023年检测阳性率最低，为0.45%（419/93 517）。除2021年略有反弹外（0.74%，736/99 159），各年度检测阳性率呈逐年下降趋势，差异有统计学意义（χ² = 499.746，P < 0.01）。不同季节的检测阳性率分别为春季0.83%（1 859/225 219）、夏季0.78%（2 051/261 753）、秋季0.86%（1 888/220 624）、冬季0.82%（1 384/167 811），检测阳性率最高的为秋季，最低的为夏季。其中2020年的4个季节检测阳性率分别为春季0.78%（192/24 740）、夏季0.59%（188/31 786）、秋季0.61%（157/25 931）、冬季0.80%（153/19 174），差异有统计学意义（χ² = 13.174，P < 0.05），其余7年4个季节的差异无统计学意义（χ² = 3.263，P > 0.05）。各年龄段均有病例分布，报告病例年龄最小的为12岁，最大的为73岁，中位数为39岁。≤ 20岁组检测阳性率最高，为1.57%（405/25 780）；其次为41~50岁组，检测阳性率为1.53%（2 498/163 726）；21~30岁组检测阳性率最低，为0.49%（1 612/327 709）（χ² = 1 682.086，P < 0.01）。本地户籍和非本地户籍的检测阳性率分别为0.70%（3 539/503 684）和0.92%（3 581/371 723），差异有统计学意义（χ² = 180.228，P < 0.01）。妇科、体检科、产科的检测阳性率分别为1.10%（6 129/557 907）、0.48%（899/186 616）、0.24%（308/130 884）；妇科检测阳性率最高，产科检测阳性率最低，差异有统计学意义（χ² = 1 312.963，P < 0.01）。 结论 2016—2023年湖州地区妇幼保健院检验科女性阴道毛滴虫检测阳性率呈逐年下降趋势。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Trichomonas vaginalis positive among women in the clinical laboratory of maternal and child health hospitals of Huzhou City, so as to provide a scientific basis for trichomoniasis control. Methods Data pertaining to T. vaginalis positive were retrieved from laboratory management information systems in Department of Laboratory Medicine of Huzhou Municipal Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Changxing County Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Anji County Maternal and Child Health Hospital, and Deqing County Maternal and Child Health Hospital from 2016 to 2023, including clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, treatments, and follow-up outcomes. Vaginal secretions were collected using sterile cotton swabs from the posterior fornix or cervical os. T. vaginalis positive were detected with a fully automated vaginal microecology analyzer among general cases, and using PCR assay among refractory or recurrent cases. Statistical analysis was performed using the software SPSS 26.0, and the effects of year, season, age, department and household registration on T. vaginalis positive rate were evaluated with analysis of Chi-square test. Results Among 875 407 vaginal secretion samples tested across four hospitals in Huzhou City from 2016 to 2023, 7 282 samples were positive for T. vaginalis positive. The highest positive rate was seen in 2016 (1.11%, 1 420/128 282), with the lowest in 2023 (0.45%, 419/93 517), and the positive rate appeared a tendency towards a decline over years from 2016 to 2023 (χ² = 499.746, P < 0.01), except for a minor rebound in 2021 (0.74%, 736/99 159). The highest positive rate was found in autumn (0.86%, 1 888/220 624), followed by in spring (0.83%, 1 859/225 219), winter (0.82%, 1 384/167 811) and summer (0.78%, 2 051/261 753), and the positive rate were 0.78% (192/24 740) in spring, 0.59% (188/31 786) in summer, 0.61% (157/25 931) in autumn and 0.80% (153/19 174) in winter in 2020 (χ² = 13.174, P < 0.05), while there were no season-specific positive rate in other seven years (χ² = 3.263, P > 0.05). The reported trichomoniasis cases had a median age of 39 years (range, 12 to 73 years), and the highest positive rate was seen among women at ages of 20 years and lower (1.57%, 405/25 780), followed at ages of 41 to 50 years (1.53%, 2 498/163 726), with the lowest among women at ages of 21 to 30 years (0.49%, 1 612/327 709) (χ² = 1 682.086, P < 0.01). There was a significant difference in the positive rate among women with (0.70%, 3 539/503 684) and without local household registration (0.92%, 3 581/371 723) (χ² = 180.228, P < 0.01), and the highest positive rate was seen in Department of Gynecology (1.10%, 6 129/557 907), followed by in Department of Physical Examinations (0.48%, 899/186 616) and Department of Obstetrics (0.24%, 308/130 884) (χ² = 1 312.963, P < 0.01). Conclusion The positive rate appeared a tendency towards a decline in Huzhou City over years from 2016 to 2023.