目的 分析河南省内脏利什曼病（VL）流行病学特征和时空聚类，为疫情监测和精准防控措施的制定提供理论依据。 方法 收集2016—2022年国家传染病报告信息管理系统中报告的河南省VL病例资料，对VL流行病学特征进行描述性分析。应用SaTScan v10.1软件进行时空聚类分析。 结果 2016—2022年河南省报告VL病例68例，年均发病率为0.010/10万，呈现逐年上升趋势（χ² = 5.206，P < 0.05）。除8月外，2016—2022年每月均有病例报告，报告高峰期为3—6月，占报告病例总数的50.0%（34/68）。报告病例的男女性别比为2.6∶1，男性和女性的年均发病率分别为0.011/10万和0.004/10万（χ² = 2.400，P > 0.05）。报告病例年龄范围为7个月至71岁，0~2岁组和≥ 60岁组分别占27.9%（19/68）和25.0%（17/68）。职业分布以农民（42.7%，29/68）和散居儿童（32.4%，22/68）为主。68例报告病例中本地感染61例、外省输入7例，61例本地感染病例分布在郑州市、洛阳市、安阳市、鹤壁市和三门峡市等5个地级市的13个县（市、区）。时空聚类分析结果显示2个有意义的聚集区域，聚集中心分别为安阳市林州市和郑州市巩义市。 结论 2016年以来河南省VL的流行整体呈上升态势，且具有时空聚集性，需要对不同流行程度的流行区开展精准监测和防控，防止疫情继续扩散。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatio-temporal clustering of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Henan Province, and provide a theoretical basis for epidemic surveillance and formulating precise prevention and control measures. Methods The data on VL cases reported in Henan Province were collected from the Infectious Disease Surveillance Reporting and Management System from 2016 to 2022. The epidemiological characteristics of VL repored cases were analyzed using descriptive analysis. SaTScan v10.1 software was used for spatio-temporal clustering analysis. Results A total of 68 VL cases were reported in Henan Province from 2016 to 2022, with an annual average incidence rate of 0.010/100 000 showing an increasing trend year by year (χ² = 5.206, P < 0.05). The cases were reported throughout the year except for August, and the peak period of onset was from March to June, accounting for 50.0% (34/68) of reported cases. The ratio of males and females was 2.6 ∶ 1, and the annual average incidence rates in males and females were 0.011/100 000 and 0.004/100 000, respectively. The age range of reported cases was from 7 months to 71 years old. The majority of patients were in the 0-2 group and the ≥ 60 years age groups, accounting for 27.9% (19/68) and 25.0% (17/68), respectively. Farmers (42.7%, 29/68) and scattered resident children (32.4%, 22/68) were the dominant high-risk population. Among the 68 reported cases, 61 were local cases and 7 were imported from other provinces. The 61 local cases were distributed in 13 counties (cities, districts) among 5 provincial-level cities, including Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Anyang, Hebi and Sanmenxia. The results of spatio-temporal clustering analysis showed that two significant clustering regions (P < 0.01) were detected for VL in Henan Province, with the clustering centres being Linzhou in Anyang City and Gongyi in Zhengzhou City, respectively. Conclusion VL had been on the rise in Henan Province, with spatial-temporal clustering. It is necessary to carry out precise surveillance and implement prevention and control measures in different epidemic areas to prevent the ongoing spread of the epidemic.