目的 分析上海市消除疟疾后输入性疟疾监测响应系统的实施和工作成效，为持续维持消除疟疾状态、巩固消除疟疾成果提供科学依据。方法 系统收集上海市疟疾监测响应相关的活动方案及其记录，基于国家传染病报告信息管理系统和寄生虫病防治信息管理系统中2017—2022年疟疾病例个案信息，使用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 2017—2022年上海市共报告疟疾病例281例，包括上海市户籍47例（16.7%，47/281）、外省籍215例（76.5%，215/281）和外籍病例19例（6.8%，19/281），均有境外疟疾流行区旅居史。报告病例均为境外输入性病例，主要来自几内亚（17.4%，49/281）、尼日利亚（14.2%，40/281）、刚果民主共和国（12.1%，34/281）等非洲国家。报告病例以恶性疟（83.3%，234/281）为主，报告地区主要为金山区（15.7%，44/281）、浦东新区（14.9%，42/281）和闵行区（11.7%，33/281）。2017—2022年上海市共血检106 361人次，血检阳性率为3.3‰（353/106 361），被动监测、人群主动侦查和病例线索追踪的阳性率分别为3.6‰（350/97 917）、0.4‰（3/7 828）和0（0/616）。病例1 d内网络报告率和1 d内复核率均为100%（281/281），2 d内流行病学调查率为90.0%（253/281），3 d内疫点调查处置率为100%（179/179），1个月内风险评估率为100%（281/281）。病例从发病到确诊时间间隔中位数为2 d（四分位数P₂₅，P₇₅：1 d，4 d）。共捕获传疟媒介按蚊2 126只，均为中华按蚊，主要分布于嘉定区（31.6%，672/2 126）、崇明区（24.9%，529/2 126）等郊区。结论 消除疟疾后上海市输入性疟疾监测响应系统运行良好，疫情处理规范、及时。

Objective To analyze the implementation and effectiveness of imported malaria surveillance-response system in Shanghai after malaria elimination, and to provide scientific basis for maintaining malaria post-elimination status and consolidating the achievements of malaria elimination. Methods The activity plan and records related to malaria surveillance-response in Shanghai were systematically collected and sorted. The data of individual malaria case in 2017—2022 from web-based National Information System for Infectious Disease surveillance and National Information System for Parasitic Diseases Control and Prevention were analyzed using SPSS 25.0. Results From 2017 to 2022, a total of 281 malaria cases were reported in Shanghai, including Shanghai nationality (16.7%, 47/281), other province nationality (76.5%, 215/281) and foreign nationality (6.8%, 19/281), all of them have the malaria-endemic areas traveling experiences. All reported cases were imported from abroad, the mainly infection sources were African countries, such as Guinea (17.4%, 49/281), Nigeria (14.2%, 40/281) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (12.1%, 34/281). The reported cases were mainly falciparum malaria (83.3%, 234/281) and mainly reported from Jinshan District (15.7%, 44/281), Pudong New Area (14.9%, 42/281) and Minhang District (11.7%, 33/281). A total of 106 361 blood tests were performed in Shanghai from 2017 to 2022, with a positive rate of 3.3‰ (353/106 361). The positive rates of passive case detection, proactive case detection and reactive case detection were 3.6‰ (350/97 917), 0.4‰ (3/7 828) and 0 (0/616), respectively. Malaria reported cases were mainly detected by passive monitoring (98.9%, 278/281). All cases were reported in 24 hours after diagnosis and checked in 1 day after reporting, the rate of individual cases epidemiological investigation within 2 days was 90.0% (253/281), all foci were investigated and disposed within 3 days, and all cases were assessed in one month without transmission risks. The median time from the illness onset to confirmed diagnosis was 2 d (P₂₅, P₇₅: 1 d, 4 d). A total of 2 126 Anopheles were captured, all of which were Anopheles sinensis. The mainly distribution areas were suburban districts such as Jiading District (31.6%, 672/2 126) and Chongming District (24.9%, 529/2 126). Conclusion The surveillance-response system of imported malaria was operated well in Shanghai after malaria elimination and the epidemic handling was standardized and timely.