目的 对云南大理毛腿鼠耳蝠体表寄生虫的感染状况进行分析，并描述两种蛛蝇的形态特征，探究其系统进化关系。 方法 2022年7月，在云南大理州剑川县捕捉毛腿鼠耳蝠，采集其体表寄生虫并进行鉴定。计算各体表寄生虫的构成比、感染率、平均多度和平均感染强度；使用优势度指数（Y）确定各体表寄生虫类群中的优势种；运用扩散指数（C）、I指数、聚块指数（m*/m）和K指数判断优势种的空间分布类型；利用协调系数（V）分析优势种之间的相互关系。描述两种寄生蛛蝇的主要形态学特征。提取蛛蝇基因组DNA，PCR扩增线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶1亚基（cox1）、细胞色素B（cytb）和16S核糖体RNA（16S rRNA）序列，测序并串联后，用MEGA 11以最大似然法构建基于这3个基因的系统进化树。 结果 共捕获毛腿鼠耳蝠72只（雄性24只，雌性48只），体表寄生虫感染率为97.3%（70/72）。共采集体表寄生虫1 745只，其中革螨1 463只，分属于2科5属7种，分别为织金巨刺螨、鼠耳蝠螨、围睫肪刺螨、柯氏蝠螨、盾板浆刺螨、宽埃螨和朝鲜巨刺螨；蛛蝇282只，分属于2属2种，分别为台湾蛛虱蝇和叉笔虱蝇；未检获其他体表寄生虫。毛腿鼠耳蝠的革螨感染率、平均多度和平均感染强度分别为94.4%（68/72）、20.32、21.53，均高于蛛蝇[91.7%（66/72）、3.92、4.27]（Fisher精确检验，P < 0.05；U = 700、424，均P < 0.01）。织金巨刺螨、鼠耳蝠螨和围睫肪刺螨为优势种（Y = 0.30、0.23、0.22）。优势种鼠耳蝠螨（C = 1.98、I = 0.98、m*/m = 1.18、K = 5.55）、织金巨刺螨（C = 9.43、I = 8.43、m*/m = 2.15、K = 0.87）和围睫肪刺螨（C = 6.50、I = 5.50、m*/m = 2.02、K = 0.98）在不同毛腿鼠耳蝠个体间均呈现聚集分布。鼠耳蝠螨与围睫肪刺螨（V = 0.33，P < 0.05）、鼠耳蝠螨与织金巨刺螨（V = 0.34，P < 0.05）、围睫肪刺螨与织金巨刺螨（V = 0.72，P < 0.01）之间均存在正协调关系。台湾蛛虱蝇体长约3 mm，背板Ⅰ呈宽圆形，末端有约25根长刚毛，背板Ⅱ和背板Ⅵ之间有较多长毛，背板Ⅵ上有6根长刚毛和10根长刺。叉笔虱蝇体长为3.5~4.0 mm，背板Ⅰ呈长宽状，边缘有一排短刚毛，背板Ⅱ长约为宽的3倍，背板Ⅱ后方有两个突起，突起表面呈凹状，后缘尖锐带有色素沉着。台湾蛛虱蝇cox1、cytb和16S rRNA序列分别为875、338和455 bp，提交至GenBank获得的登录号分别为OQ127648、OQ134944和OQ127330；叉笔虱蝇cox1、cytb和16S rRNA序列分别为832、332和451 bp，提交至GenBank获得的登录号分别为OQ119629、OQ129602和OQ119632。系统进化树分析结果显示，台湾蛛虱蝇与短铗蛛虱蝇聚在同一个分支上，再与叉笔虱蝇聚在一支。 结论 云南大理毛腿鼠耳蝠体表寄生虫感染率高，主要为革螨和蛛蝇，其中台湾蛛虱蝇与同属的短铗蛛虱蝇的亲缘关系最近，叉笔虱蝇与台湾蛛虱蝇和铗蛛虱蝇的亲缘关系较近。

Objective To analyze the prevalence of ectoparasites on the surface of Myotis fimbriatus in Dali, Yunnan Province, and describe the morphological characteristics of two Nycteribiidae, exploring their phylogenetic relationship. Methods In July 2022, M. fimbriatus were captured in Jianchuan County, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province. The ectoparasites were collected and identified. The constituent ratio, infection rate, mean abundance, and mean intensity were calculated for each ectoparasite. Dominant species were determined using the dominance index (Y). Their spatial distribution types were determined using the dispersion coefficient (C), I index, patchiness index (m*/m), and K index. The association coefficient (V) was used to analyze the interaction between dominant species. The morphological characteristics of the two Nycteribiidae were described. Genomic DNA was extracted from Nycteribiidae, and the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), cytochrome B (cytb) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) was amplified by PCR and sequenced, then the sequences in tandem were used to construct the phylogenetic tree using the maximum likelihood method in MEGA 11. Results A total of 72 M. fimbriatus (24 males, 48 females) were captured, and the ectoparasites infection rate was 97.3% (70/72). A total of 1 745 ectoparasites were collected, including 1 463 gamasid mites belonging to 7 species in 5 genera and 2 families, namely Spinturnix myoti, Spinturnix kolenatii, Steatonyssus periblepharus, Macronyssus zhijinensis, Choronyssus scutatus, Eyndhovenia euryalis, and Macronyssus coreanus. Additionally, 282 Nycteribiidae were collected, which belongs to 2 species in 2 genera, namely Nycteribia formosana and Penicillidia dufourii. No other ectoparasites were detected. The infection rate, mean abundance, and mean intensity of gamasid mites are 94.4% (68/72), 20.32 and 21.53, respectively, all of which are higher than those of the Nycteribiidae [91.7% (66/72), 3.92, 4.27] (Fisher's exact test, P < 0.05; U = 700, 424; both P < 0.01). S. myoti, S. periblepharus and M. zhijinensis are the dominant species (Y = 0.30, 0.23, 0.22). The dominant species, including S. myoti (C = 1.98, I = 0.98, m*/m = 1.18, K = 5.55), M. zhijinensis (C = 9.43, I = 8.43, m*/m = 2.15, K = 0.87) and S. periblepharus (C = 6.50, I = 5.50, m*/m = 2.02, K = 0.98), exhibit an aggregated distribution among different individuals of M. fimbriatus. There is a positive correlation relationship between S. myoti and S. periblepharus (V = 0.33, P < 0.05), between S. myoti and M. zhijinensis (V = 0.34, P < 0.05), and between S. periblepharus and M. zhijinensis (V = 0.72, P < 0.01). N. formosana has a body length of about 3 mm. Its dorsal plate Ⅰ is wide and round, with about 25 long bristles at the tip. There are many long hairs between the dorsal plates Ⅱ and Ⅵ, and the dorsal plate Ⅵ has 6 long bristles and 10 long spikes. P. dufourii has a body length of 3.5-4.0 mm. The dorsal plate Ⅰ is elongated and wide, with a row of short bristles along the edges. The dorsal plate Ⅱ is approximately three times longer than it is width. At the back of the dorsal plate Ⅱ, there are two protrusions with concave surfaces. The posterior edge of the protrusions is sharp and has pigmented deposits. The cox1, cytb and 16S rRNA sequences of N. formosana were 875, 338 and 455 bp, respectively. The GenBank accession numbers are OQ127648, OQ134944, and OQ127330. The cox1, cytb and 16S rRNA sequences of P. dufourii were 832, 332 and 451 bp, respectively. The GenBank accession numbers are OQ119629, OQ129602, and OQ119632. The results of the phylogenetic tree analysis show that N. formosana and the N. parvula are clustered together in the same branch, and then they are clustered with P. dufourii. Conclusion The infection rate of ectoparasites on M. fimbriatus in Yunnan Dali is high, mainly with the presence of gamasid mites and Nycteribiidae, among them, N. formosana shows the closest genetic relationship to its congeneric N. parvula, while P. dufourii is related closer to N. formosana and N. parvula.