2020年10—12月在青海大学附属医院肝胆外科收集13例棘球蚴患者（其中7例多房棘球蚴病、6例细粒棘球蚴病，为感染组）与13例护理患者健康家属（为对照组）的粪样。提取粪样DNA并测定浓度，逆转录合成cDNA文库，利用宏基因组二代测序平台进行测序。用线性判别分析统计棘球蚴病患者与健康对照组之间肠道菌群的差异性。结果显示，棘球蚴病患者与健康对照组肠道菌群属于厚壁菌门、拟杆菌群门、变形菌门及放线菌门等。多房棘球蚴组相对丰度较高的细菌是另枝菌、拟杆菌，细粒棘球蚴组相对丰度较高的细菌是另枝菌、史氏甲烷短杆菌、前庭链球菌。健康对照组相对丰度较高的细菌是粪拟杆菌、青春双歧杆菌、琥珀酸考拉杆菌。其中另枝菌和粪拟杆菌是差异较大的细菌。本研究中的差异菌群或许可成为棘球蚴病肠道微生物标志菌，值得进一步研究。

Fecal samples of 13 patients (7 patients with alveolar echinococcosis, 6 patients with cystic echinococcosis as infected group) and 13 healthy family members caring for patients (as control group) were collected in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital from October to December in 2020. The fecal DNA was extracted and the concentration was determined, and the cDNA library was synthesized by reverse transcription, and then sequenced using the metagenomic next generation sequencing. The metagenome second-generation sequencing was used to observe the changes of intestinal flora. Linear discriminant analysis was used to analyse the differences in intestinal flora between echinococcosis patients and healthy controls. The results revealed that the flora with higher relative abundance in the alveolar echinococcosis group were Alistipes onderdonkii, Bacteroides dorei, A. finegoldii, and the flora with higher relative abundance in the cystic echinococcosis group were A. shahii, Methanobrevibacter smithii, Streptococcus vestibularis. In the healthy individuals group, there were high relative abundance of B. caccae, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens. Among them, A. onderdonkii, A. shahii and B. caccae are more meaningful flora. The differential flora in this study may be the intestinal microbial marker of echinococcosis, which deserves further to study.