目的 了解2015-2018年湖北省疟疾流行特征,为湖北省消除疟疾策略的调整提供依据。方法 收集2015-2018年中国疾病预防控制中心传染病报告信息管理系统中网络报告的湖北省疟疾病例资料,采用描述流行病学方法,分析2015-2018湖北省网络报告疟疾的流行病学特征。结果 2015-2018年湖北省累计报告疟疾病例494例,均为境外输入病例。2015-2018分别报告病例120、151、96和127例,均为实验室确诊病例。其中,恶性疟337例（68.2%）、间日疟65例（13.2%）、卵形疟75例（15.2%）、三日疟14例（2.8%）、混合感染3例（0.6%）。病例主要分布在武汉（168例,34.0%）、宜昌（75例,15.2%）、黄冈（39例,7.9%）、黄石（35例,7.1%）、襄阳（31例,6.3%）和十堰（28例,5.7%）等6个市。疟疾病例报告高峰期为1-2月（129例,26.1%）和5-7月（137例,27.7%）。以20~49岁年龄组居多,占85.2%（421/494）。男性473例,女性21例,男女性别比为22.5 ∶ 1。疟疾病例初诊单位主要集中在县级及以上医疗机构（324例,65.6%）,345例（69.8%）病例首诊被诊断为疟疾。不同就诊单位初诊正确率差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。病例就诊当天确诊者占44.3%（219/494）,恶性疟、间日疟、卵型疟、三日疟和混合感染就诊当天确诊者分别占49.3%（166/337）、41.5%（27/65）、32.0%（24/75）、1/14和1/3,不同疟疾类型从就诊到确诊时间间隔差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。疟疾病例的确诊单位以县级以上医疗机构所占比较高,占57.7%（285/494）。94.1%（465/494）的疟疾病例从非洲的30个国家输入,输入病例数居前的来源国家为刚果（金）（69例,14.0%）、尼日利亚（61例,12.3%）。结论 2015-2018年湖北省报告疟疾病例均为输入性病例,94.1%的疟疾病例为从非洲输入,44.3%病例在就诊当天确诊。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Hubei Province from 2015 to 2018, providing basis for adjusting strategies in malaria elimination.Methods Information of malaria cases reported from Hubei Province during 2015-2018 was collected through the Disease Reporting Information System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the epidemiological characteristics were analyzed using descriptive epidemiological method.Results A total of 494 malaria cases were reported in Hubei Province during 2015-2018, all of them were imported from abroad. There were 120, 151, 96 and 127 malaria cases reported from 2013 to 2018, respectively. All cases were diagnosed by laboratory examination. Of them, 337 were infected with Plasmodium falciparum (68.2%), 65 with P. vivax (13.2%), 75 with P. ovale (15.2%), 14 with P. malariae (2.8%) and 3 with mixed infection (0.6%). The cases were mainly distributed in Wuhan (34.0%, 168/494), Yichang (15.2%, 75/494), Huanggang (7.9%, 39/494), Huangshi (7.1%, 35/494), Xiangyang (6.3%, 31/494) and Shiyan cities (5.7%, 28/494). The peak of disease onset occurred in January to February (26.1%, 129/494) and in May to July (27.7%, 137/494). The disease mainly occurred in age groups of 20-49 years (85.2%, 421/494). The 494 malaria cases comprised 473 males and 21 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 22.5 ∶ 1. Primary diagnosis was mainly made in medical institutions at county-level and higher (324, 65.6%), and 345 (69.8%) cases were confirmed of diagnosis with malaria upon visit first to doctor. Significant difference in the corrective rate of malaria diagnosis was found between different medical units making primary diagnosis (P < 0.05). In addition, 44.3% (219/494) of the cases were diagnosed as malaria on the day visiting doctor; they comprised cases infected by P. falciparum (49.3%, 166/337), P. vivax (41.5%, 27/65), P. ovale (32.0%, 24/75), and P. malariae (1/14), and those with mixed infection (1/3). There was a significant difference in the time from seeing a doctor to definitive diagnosis being made among different types of malaria (P < 0.05). A higher proportion (57.7%, 285/494) of the cases were diagnosed in medical institutions at the county level or higher. In addition, 94.1% (465/494) cases were imported from 30 African countries, with the leading number being Congo-Kinshasa (69, 14.0%) and Nigeria (61, 12.3%).Conclusion During 2015-2018, malaria cases in Hubei Province were all imported cases. Of them, 94.1% were imported from Africa, and 44.3% were diagnosed on the day seeking medical care.