关键词: 疟疾, 输入性病例, 流行病学特征, 湖北省

Abstract:

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Hubei Province from 2015 to 2018, providing basis for adjusting strategies in malaria elimination.Methods Information of malaria cases reported from Hubei Province during 2015-2018 was collected through the Disease Reporting Information System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the epidemiological characteristics were analyzed using descriptive epidemiological method.Results A total of 494 malaria cases were reported in Hubei Province during 2015-2018, all of them were imported from abroad. There were 120, 151, 96 and 127 malaria cases reported from 2013 to 2018, respectively. All cases were diagnosed by laboratory examination. Of them, 337 were infected with Plasmodium falciparum (68.2%), 65 with P. vivax (13.2%), 75 with P. ovale (15.2%), 14 with P. malariae (2.8%) and 3 with mixed infection (0.6%). The cases were mainly distributed in Wuhan (34.0%, 168/494), Yichang (15.2%, 75/494), Huanggang (7.9%, 39/494), Huangshi (7.1%, 35/494), Xiangyang (6.3%, 31/494) and Shiyan cities (5.7%, 28/494). The peak of disease onset occurred in January to February (26.1%, 129/494) and in May to July (27.7%, 137/494). The disease mainly occurred in age groups of 20-49 years (85.2%, 421/494). The 494 malaria cases comprised 473 males and 21 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 22.5 ∶ 1. Primary diagnosis was mainly made in medical institutions at county-level and higher (324, 65.6%), and 345 (69.8%) cases were confirmed of diagnosis with malaria upon visit first to doctor. Significant difference in the corrective rate of malaria diagnosis was found between different medical units making primary diagnosis (P < 0.05). In addition, 44.3% (219/494) of the cases were diagnosed as malaria on the day visiting doctor; they comprised cases infected by P. falciparum (49.3%, 166/337), P. vivax (41.5%, 27/65), P. ovale (32.0%, 24/75), and P. malariae (1/14), and those with mixed infection (1/3). There was a significant difference in the time from seeing a doctor to definitive diagnosis being made among different types of malaria (P < 0.05). A higher proportion (57.7%, 285/494) of the cases were diagnosed in medical institutions at the county level or higher. In addition, 94.1% (465/494) cases were imported from 30 African countries, with the leading number being Congo-Kinshasa (69, 14.0%) and Nigeria (61, 12.3%).Conclusion During 2015-2018, malaria cases in Hubei Province were all imported cases. Of them, 94.1% were imported from Africa, and 44.3% were diagnosed on the day seeking medical care.

Key words: Malaria, Imported cases, Epidemiological characteristics, Hubei Province