免疫抑制分子在寄生原虫和蠕虫感染中的作用

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2026.04.021

中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 600-607.doi: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2026.04.021

免疫抑制分子在寄生原虫和蠕虫感染中的作用

杨玉轩¹^,²^,^*()(), 吴彬杰², 樊海宁²^,³

¹ 青海大学附属医院泌尿外科，青海西宁 810000
² 青海省包虫病研究重点实验室，青海西宁 810000
³ 青海大学附属医院肝胆胰外科，青海西宁 810000

收稿日期:2025-12-18 修回日期:2026-04-21 出版日期:2026-08-30 发布日期:2026-08-25
作者简介:杨玉轩（ORCID：0000-0001-7981-8195），男，博士，从事免疫调控以及棘球蚴病的基础与临床研究。E-mail：dyangyx@163.com
作者贡献
杨玉轩负责文献收集和论文撰写，吴彬杰负责论文修改，樊海宁负责论文修改与核查。
基金资助:
青海大学附属医院博士启动金(2025-bskyqdj-yyx)

Roles of immunosuppressive molecules in parasitic protozoan and helminth infections

YANG Yuxuan¹^,²^,^*()(), WU Binjie², FAN Haining²^,³

¹ Department of Urology Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810000, Qinghai, China
² Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease Research, Xining 810000, Qinghai, China
³ Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810000, Qinghai, China

Received:2025-12-18 Revised:2026-04-21 Online:2026-08-30 Published:2026-08-25
Contact: * E-mail: dyangyx@163.com
Supported by:
Doctoral Program Launch Funds of Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital(2025-bskyqdj-yyx)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

寄生虫感染宿主诱发宿主的固有免疫与特异性免疫应答。部分蠕虫与原虫感染后能够逃避宿主免疫攻击，造成长期寄生。免疫抑制分子广泛表达于各类免疫细胞，能够诱导免疫细胞产生免疫耗竭状态，抑制免疫功能。近年来研究发现，各类蠕虫与原虫感染的宿主体内免疫抑制分子程序性细胞死亡受体-1（PD-1）、细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4（CTLA-4）、淋巴细胞活化基因-3（LAG-3）与T细胞免疫球蛋白和黏蛋白结构域分子-3（Tim-3）广泛表达，在调控宿主免疫功能领域发挥重要作用。探索免疫抑制分子在蠕虫与原虫感染中的免疫调控作用，对于药物开发与临床诊疗极具参考价值。本文就免疫抑制分子在原虫与蠕虫感染中的作用进行综述。

关键词: 蠕虫感染, 原虫感染, 免疫抑制, 免疫抑制分子, 免疫耗竭

Abstract:

Parasite infection will induce host innate and specific immune responses. Some helminth and protozoan can evade host immune response, resulting in long-term parasitism. Immune checkpoints are widely expressed in various types of immune cells, which can induce immune exhaustion and suppress immune response. In recent years, studies have found that immunosuppressive molecules programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim-3) are widely expressed in hosts infected with helminth and protozoa, playing an important role in regulating host immune function. Exploring the role of immunosuppressive molecules in helminth and protozoan infections is of great reference value for drug development and clinical diagnosis and treatment. Hence, we provide a summary of this review article to summarize the recent research studies on progress of the immunosuppressive molecules and its role in protozoan and helminth infection.

Key words: Helminth infection, Protozoan infection, Immunosuppression, Immunosuppressive molecules, Immune exhaustion

中图分类号:

杨玉轩, 吴彬杰, 樊海宁. 免疫抑制分子在寄生原虫和蠕虫感染中的作用[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2026, 44(4): 600-607.

YANG Yuxuan, WU Binjie, FAN Haining. Roles of immunosuppressive molecules in parasitic protozoan and helminth infections[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2026, 44(4): 600-607.

图/表 1

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免疫抑制分子在寄生原虫和蠕虫感染中的作用

Roles of immunosuppressive molecules in parasitic protozoan and helminth infections

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