甘南藏族自治州棘球蚴病流行情况分析

中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志

甘南藏族自治州棘球蚴病流行情况分析

马玉安，尚文杰*

甘肃省甘南藏族自治州疾病预防控制中心，合作 747000

出版日期:2015-10-30 发布日期:2016-01-06

Endemic Situation of Echinococcosis in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

MA Yu-an, SHANG Wen-jie*

Gannan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hezuo 747000, China

Online:2015-10-30 Published:2016-01-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解甘南藏族自治州（简称甘南州）棘球蚴病流行情况，为进一步制定防治措施提供科学依据。方法对甘南州8县（市）2007-2013年棘球蚴病防治工作调查数据进行汇总分析。应用B超检查，调查人群患病情况。ELISA检测12岁以下儿童血清棘球蚴IgG抗体。双抗体夹心ELISA法检测家犬棘球绦虫粪抗原。内脏剖检法调查牲畜棘球蚴感染情况。结果甘南州人群棘球蚴病检出率为225/10万（810/360 440），细粒棘球蚴病检出率为224/10万（807/360 440），多房棘球蚴病检出率为1/10万（3/360 440）。男性和女性检出率分别为2.3/10万（340/151 280）和2.3/10万（470/209 160），两者差异无统计学意义（χ２＝6.41，P＞0.05）。30～40岁的人群最多，占44.2%（358/810）。牧民患者最多，农民次之。甘南州7个县市84个乡372个行政村存在棘球蚴病流行。12岁以下儿童血清抗体阳性率为4.0%（1 921/47 841）。犬棘球绦虫粪抗原阳性率为5.5%（3 523/64 521）。牲畜棘球蚴感染率为3.3%（1 148/35 134）。经过连续七年综合防治，人群棘球蚴病检出率由2007年的440/10万（97/21 938）降至2013年的290/10万（160/55 954）（χ２＝11.69，P＜0.05）。儿童血清抗体阳性率由2007年的7.9%（150/1 902）降至2013年的2.1%（151/7 100）（χ２＝153.98，P＜0.05）。家犬棘球绦虫粪抗原阳性率由2007年的11.9%（335/2 819）降至2013年的3.3%（466/13 608）（χ２＝338.52，P＜0.05）。牲畜棘球蚴感染率由2007年的8.8%（235/2 658）降至2013年的1.5%（107/7 271）（χ２＝317.86，P＜0.05）。结论甘南州经过连续七年综合性防治，人群棘球蚴病检出率、儿童血清抗体阳性率、家犬棘球绦虫粪抗原阳性率、牲畜棘球蚴病感染率均呈下降趋势。

关键词: 棘球蚴病；流行情况；感染率, 甘南藏族自治州

Abstract:

Objective To understand the endemic status of echinococcosis in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. Methods The 2007-2013 survey data on hydatid disease prevention and control were collected from 8 counties/cities in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and analyzed. Ultrasound scanning was used to detect echinococcosis infection, ELISA was performed to detect anti-Echinococcus IgG in serum of children under 12 years, and double-antibody sandwich ELISA method was used to detect Echinococcus antigen in dog’s feces. Visceral dissection was performed to examine hydatid infection in domestic ruminants. Results The prevalence of echinococcosis in residents was 225/100 000（810/360 440）, comprising 224/10 0000（807/360 440） for cystic echinococcosis and 1/100 000（3/360 440） for alveolar echinococcosis. The prevalence was 2.3/100 000（340/151 280） in males and 2.3/100 000（470/209 160） in females, with no significant difference（χ２＝6.41，P>0.05）. Among different age populations, the 30-40 age group had the highest proportion （44.2%, 358/810） to all detected infections. Besides, the prevalence was the highest in herdsmen, followed by farmers. Echinococcosis was detected in 372 administrative villages in the Prefecture. The positive rate for serum anti-Echinococcus IgG was 4.0%（1 921/47 841） in children under 12 years. The positive rate for Echinococcus antigen in dog’s feces was 5.5%（3 523/64 521）. The rate of hydatid infection in domestic ruminants was 3.3%（1 148/35 134）. After seven years’ comprehensive control, the prevalence of echinococcosis in residents dropped from 440/100 000（97/21 938） in 2007 to 290/100 000（160/55 954） in 2013（χ２＝11.69，P<0.05）. The positive rate for serum anti-Echinococcus IgG in children also dropped from 7.9%（150/1 902） in 2007 to 2.1%（151/7 100） in 2013. Consistently, the positive rate for Echinococcus antigen in dog’s feces dropped from 11.9% （335/2 819） in 2007 to 3.3%（466/13 608） in 2013 （χ２＝338.52，P<0.05）; and the rate of hydatid infection in domestic ruminants dropped from 8.8%（235/2 658） in 2007 to 1.5%（107/7 271） in 2013（χ２＝317.86, P<0.05）. Conclusion The control activities during 2007-2013 has shown significant achievements in reducing echinococcosis in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.

Key words: Echinococcosis, Endemic status, Prevalence, Gannan

马玉安，尚文杰*. 甘南藏族自治州棘球蚴病流行情况分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志.

MA Yu-an, SHANG Wen-jie*. Endemic Situation of Echinococcosis in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases.