2020年宁夏回族自治区棘球蚴病监测结果分析

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2022.02.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解宁夏棘球蚴病监测结果及流行特点,于2020年采用B超影像学方法检查宁夏3个Ⅰ类流行区、9个Ⅱ类流行区、7个Ⅲ类流行区3岁以上常住人口的棘球蚴病患病情况,并对1年级和6年级学生进行筛查,采用ELISA检测犬棘球绦虫感染情况,采用剖检法和触检法观察牛、羊、鼠类的棘球蚴感染情况。结果显示,19个流行区共检查30 700人,检出率为0.09%（28/30 700）。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类流行区的检出率分别为0.39%（12/3 046)、0(0/9 938)、0.09%(16/17 716)。Ⅰ类流行区的西吉县和中宁县检出棘球蚴病患者,检出率分别为0.79%（8/1 013）和0.39%（4/1 033）;Ⅲ类流行区的金凤区、海原县和平罗县检出棘球蚴病患者,检出率分别为0.25%（5/2 038）、0.20%（10/5 101）和0.02%（1/4 358）。病例以男性、50~59岁年龄组人群居多,分别占64.29%（18/28）、42.86%（12/28）。在19个流行区的57所小学共筛查儿童19 727名,未检出患棘球蚴病儿童;19个流行区共检测家犬粪便13 549份,犬粪棘球绦虫抗原阳性率为0.89%（121/13 549）,不同地区家犬感染率存在差异（χ² = 62.59,P < 0.05）;3个Ⅰ类流行区共检测无主犬粪便670份,犬粪棘球绦虫抗原阳性率为2.69%（18/670）,高于家犬的0.89%（121/13 549）（χ² = 21.21,P < 0.05）。监测羊6 017只,感染率为0.83%（50/6 017）;监测牛3 915头,感染率为0.08%（3/3 915）;羊感染率高于牛（χ² = 25.43,P < 0.05）。剖解鼠类1 507只,未检出多房棘球蚴。提示建议按照《全国棘球蚴病监测方案（2020年版）》对宁夏流行区重新划定;加大重点地区人群筛查,加强羊只监测,开展无主犬的监测、驱虫与管理。

关键词: 棘球蚴病, 监测, 宁夏

Abstract:

In order to understand the surveillance results and epidemic characteristics of echinococcosis in Ningxia, the prevalence of echinococcosis among the residents over 3 years old in 3 type Ⅰ epidemic areas, 9 type Ⅱ epidemic areas and 7 type Ⅲ epidemic areas in Ningxia was examined by ultrasound imaging method in 2020. Echinococcus infection in dogs was detected by ELISA. The infection of hydatid cyst in the liver, lung and abdominal cavity of cattle, sheep and mice was observed by autopsy and physical examination. A total of 30 700 persons were examined, with a detection rate of 0.09% (28/30 700). The detection rates of type Ⅰ, Ⅱand Ⅲ were 0.39% (12/3 046), 0 (0/9 938) and 0.09% (16/17 716), respectively. Echinococcosis was detected only in Xiji County and Zhongning County in type Ⅰ epidemic areas, with a detection rate of 0.79% (8/1 013) and 0.39% (4/1 033), respectively. Echinococcosis patients were detected only in Jinfeng District, Haiyuan County and Pingluo County in type Ⅲ epidemic areas, with a detection rate of 0.25% (5/2 038), 0.20% (10/5 101) and 0.02% (1/4 358), respectively. The majority of cases were male and 50-59 age group, accounting for 64.29% (18/28) and 42.86% (12/28), respectively. A total of 19 727 children were screened in 57 primary schools in 19 endemic areas. No children with echinococcosis were detected. A total of 13 549 feces samples were tested in 19 counties, with an infection rate of 0.89% (121/13 549). The infection rate of domestic dogs in different areas was significantly different (χ² =62.59, P < 0.05). A total of 670 feces from street dogs were tested in the 3 type Ⅰ epidemic areas, and the infection rate was 2.69% (18/670), which was higher than that of domestic dogs (0.89%, 121/13 549) (χ² = 21.21, P < 0.05). A total of 6 017 sheep were monitored and the infection rate was 0.83% (50/6 017). The infection rate among cattle was 0.08% (3/3 915). The infection rate among sheep was higher than that of cattle (χ² = 25.43, P < 0.05). No echinococcus multilocularis were detected in 1 507 rodent samples. It is suggested that the echinococcosis epidemic areas in Ningxia should be redefined according to the criteria of the National Echinococcosis Surveillance Program (2020 Edition). Increase population screening in key areas, strengthen sheep monitoring, and carry out monitoring, deworming and management of ownerless dogs.

Key words: Echinococcosis, Surveillance, Ningxia

中图分类号:

R532.32

吴向林, 闫芳, 段红菊, 齐蓉婷, 高建炜. 2020年宁夏回族自治区棘球蚴病监测结果分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2022, 40(2): 242-246.

WU Xiang-lin, YAN Fang, DUAN Hong-ju, QI Rong-ting, GAO Jian-wei. Surveillance of echinococcosis in Ningxia in 2020[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2022, 40(2): 242-246.

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县（市、区）	检查人数	检出人数	检出率/%
Ⅰ类流行区
西吉	1 013	8	0.79
原州	1 000	0	0
中宁	1 033	4	0.39
Ⅱ类流行区
贺兰	1 071	0	0
西夏	1 020	0	0
利通	1 002	0	0
同心	1 781	0	0
盐池	1 000	0	0
青铜峡	1 000	0	0
红寺堡	1 049	0	0
彭阳	1 015	0	0
隆德	1 000	0	0
Ⅲ类流行区
金凤	2 038	5	0.25
永宁	1 010	0	0
灵武	1 482	0	0
平罗	4 358	1	0.02
泾源	1 712	0	0
沙坡头	2 015	0	0
海原	5 101	10	0.20
合计	30 700	28	0.09

年龄组/岁	检查人数	检出人数	检出率/%
0~9	671	0	0
10~19	1 871	0	0
20~29	3 625	0	0
30~39	3 910	0	0
40~49	4 595	6	0.13
50~59	5 480	12	0.22
≥ 60	10 548	10	0.09
合计	30 700	28	0.09

县（市、区）	检查数	感染数	感染率/%
Ⅰ类流行区
西吉	2 970	61	2.05
原州	1 490	4	0.27
中宁	1 403	17	1.21
Ⅱ类流行区
贺兰	600	4	0.67
西夏	50	0	0
利通	1 020	0	0
同心	205	2	0.98
盐池	1 020	9	0.88
青铜峡	60	5	8.33
红寺堡	650	2	0.31
彭阳	272	0	0
隆德	470	3	0.64
Ⅲ类流行区
金凤	300	1	0.33
永宁	200	0	0
灵武	620	3	0.48
平罗	810	0	0
泾源	600	0	0
沙坡头	200	0	0
海原	609	10	1.64
合计	13 549	121	0.89

县（区）	羊		牛
县（区）	检查数	感染数（感染率/%）	检查数	感染数（感染率/%）
Ⅰ类流行区
西吉	1 015	38（3.74）	-
原州	-		500	3（0.60）
中宁	-		325	0（0）
Ⅱ类流行区
贺兰	-		500	0（0）
西夏	-		135	0（0）
利通	999	0（0）	-
同心	-		500	0（0）
盐池	1 000	4（0.40）	-
青铜峡	1 000	0（0）	-
红寺堡	-		305	0（0）
彭阳	-		302	0（0）
隆德	-		50	0（0）
Ⅲ类流行区
金凤	-		105	0（0）
永宁	-		300	0（0）
灵武	-		500	0（0）
平罗	1 003	8（0.80）	-
泾源	-		300	0（0）
沙坡头	1 000	0（0）	-
海原	-		93	0（0）
合计	6 017	50（0.83）	3 915	3（0.08）