中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 ›› 2020, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 133-138.doi: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2020.02.001

• 专题报道 • 上一篇    下一篇

2019年全国疟疾疫情特征分析及消除工作进展

张丽, 丰俊, 夏志贵*(), 周水森   

  1. 中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所,国家热带病研究中心,世界卫生组织热带病合作中心,科技部国家级热带病国际联合研究中心,卫生部寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室,上海 200025
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-09 出版日期:2020-04-30 发布日期:2020-05-11
  • 通讯作者: 夏志贵
  • 作者简介:张丽(1981-),女,硕士,助理研究员,从事寄生虫病防治研究。E-mail: zhangli@nipd.chinacdc.cn

Epidemiological characteristics of malaria and progress on its elimination in China in 2019

Li ZHANG, Jun FENG, Zhi-gui XIA*(), Shui-sen ZHOU   

  1. National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Minisitry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China
  • Received:2020-04-09 Online:2020-04-30 Published:2020-05-11
  • Contact: Zhi-gui XIA

摘要:

收集整理寄生虫病防治信息管理系统中2019年全国31个省(市、区,未包括台湾、香港和澳门地区)疟疾疫情资料,对疟疾疫情特征和消除工作进展等进行统计分析。2019年全国779个机构累计报告疟疾病例2 674例,较2018年(2 678例)减少了4例;其中境外输入性病例2 673例,三日疟长潜伏期病例1例,无本土原发蚊传疟疾病例报告;中国籍2 487例(93.0%,2 487/2 674),外国籍187例(3.0%,187/2 674);男女性别比为14.9 ∶ 1,主要集中在30~49岁年龄组(60.3%,1 613/2 674);间日疟289例(10.8%,289/2 674),恶性疟1 950例(72.9%,1 950/2 674),三日疟97例(3.6%,97/2 674),卵形疟298例(11.1%,298/2 674),混合感染35例(1.3%,35/2 674);临床诊断病例5例(0.2%,5/2 674)。29个省(市、区)有病例报告,报告病例数位居前5位的省份依次为江苏(9.1%,244/2 674)、山东(8.5%,228/2 674)、河南(8.5%,227/2 674)、广东(7.7%,206/2 674)和四川(7.4%,199/2 674),其中4个边境省份(云南、广西、辽宁和新疆)共报告疟疾病例433例(16.2%,433/2 674)。11个省(市、区)共报告疟疾死亡病例19例(0.3%,19/2 674),较2018年的7例(0.3%,9/2 678)上升了171.4%。所有病例均在24 h内完成上报,3 d内流行病学个案调查完成率为97.9%(2 619/2 674),7 d内调查并处置疫点2 326个。我国已连续3年无本土原发蚊传疟疾病例报告,今后应继续加强输入性疟疾和边境疟疾的监测和管理,防止疟疾输入再传播发生,减少疟疾死亡风险,巩固消除疟疾成果。

关键词: 中国, 疟疾, 消除, 疫情

Abstract:

Malaria epidemic data from 31 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions (Taiwan region, Hong Kong and Macao not included) of China in 2019 were collected through the Malaria-specific Reporting System in the Information Network for Parasitic Diseases Control. The epidemiological characteristics of malaria and progress on its elimination were analyzed. In 2019, a total of 2 674 malaria cases were reported from 779 institutions in China, being 4 cases less than that reported in 2018(2 678 cases); 2 673 cases were reported as imported cases, and 1 case was malariae malaria with a long incubation. No indigenous cases were reported. The total reported cases included 2 487 Chinese cases (93.0%, 2 487/2 674) and 187 cases of foreign nationality (3.0%, 187/2 674); with a male-to-female ratio of 14.9 : 1, and a age distribution of mostly at 30-49 years (60.3%, 1 613/2 674). The reported cases comprised vivax malaria (10.8%, 289/2 674), falciparum malaria (72.9%, 1 950/2 674), malariae malaria (3.6%, 97/2 674), ovale malaria (11.1%, 298/2 674), mixed infections (1.3%, 35/2 674) and clinically diagnosed cases (0.2%, 5/2 674). The cases were reported from 29 provinces, with the top 5 provinces being Jiangsu (9.1%, 244/2 674), Shandong (8.5%, 228/2 674), Henan (8.5%, 227/2 674), Guangdong (7.7%, 206/2 674) and Sichuan (7.4%, 199/2 674), among them, 433 cases (16.2%, 433/2 674) were reported from 4 border provinces (Yunnan, Guangxi, Liaoning, Xinjiang). Totally 19 deaths (0.3%, 19/2 674) were reported from 11 provinces, increased by 171.4% compared to the 7 deaths in 2018. The 1-3-7 approach was implemented nationwide with good performance: all cases were reported within 24 hours after diagnosis, 97.9% (2 619/2 674) of them were investigated on epidemiology within 3 days, and 2 326 foci were identified, investigated and responded to within 7 days. In conclusion, no indigenous malaria cases have been reported since 2017, more efforts should be made to continuously strengthen surveillance and management for imported malaria and border malaria, thus to prevent from re-transmission, reduce the risk of death and consolidate the achievements of malaria elimination in the country.

Key words: China, Malaria, Elimination, Epidemiological characteristics

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