目的 评估江西省南昌市新建区血吸虫病重点流行区常住居民血吸虫病防治(简称血防)健康教育效果。 方法 2016-2018年,采用整群抽样的方法抽取南昌市新建区5个行政村（南矶乡的向阳村、朝阳村、红卫村,昌邑乡的昌邑村、曹会村）的常住居民为干预对象,连续3年通过发放宣传单、宣传册,张贴宣传画,建立血防健康教育微信群,播放血防微电影,定期查病、义诊等方式开展血防健康教育干预。在干预前（2016年）和干预后（2018年）对干预对象进行血防知识、态度、行为问卷调查,分析干预前后其血防知识、态度、行为的变化情况。 结果 共对202名常住居民开展血防健康教育干预和调查。2016年干预前回收问卷182份,血防知识、态度及行为的正确率分别为86.3%（157/182）、98.4%（179/182）、28.0%（51/182）;2018年干预后回收问卷199份,血防知识、态度及行为的正确率分别为100%（199/199）、100%（199/199）、24.1%（48/199）;其中干预前后血防知识正确率差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）,血防态度及行为正确率差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。调查问卷中各问题回答情况分析结果显示,血防知识方面,干预对象对血吸虫病的易感季节、临床表现及儿童血吸虫病患者不治疗的后果三方面知识的正确率由干预前的43.4%（79/182）、91.8%（167/182）、86.3%（157/182）提高至干预后的99.5%（198/199）、100%（199/199）、100%（199/199）;对患血吸虫病的原因、血吸虫病的中间宿主和治疗药物三方面知识正确率在干预前、后均为100%。干预后干预对象的血防态度正确率均在99.0%以上。血防行为方面,干预后干预对象对是否会去有感染血吸虫病风险的地带放牧、从事生活活动及生产活动的正确率分别为100%（199/199）、64.8%（129/199）、46.2%（92/199）,均高于干预前的28.0%（51/182）、1.6%（3/182）、40.7%（74/182）,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。 结论 实施血防健康教育后,居民血防知识知晓程度明显提高。

Objective To evaluate the effect of health education on schistosomiasis control among the residents in the major endemic areas in Xinjian District, Nanchang. Methods Total 5 villages including Xiangyang, Chaoyang and Hongwei in Nanji Township, and Changyi, Caohui in Changyi Township, Nanchang, were selected as study sites based on randomly sampling method during 2016-2018. The residents in these sites were given health education including schistosomiasis control knowledge and personal sanitation behaviors through distributing leaflets, brochures, posters, establishing WeChat social groups, issuing education video for schistosomiasis control, providing physical check and clinic service. A questionnaire was issued to every villager before and after the education intervention to investigate the change of knowledge, behavior and attitude towards schistosomiasis control. Results A total of 202 permanent residents were enrolled in the survey. In 2016, 182 questionnaires were collected before intervention, with the correct rates for the knowledge, attitude and behavior of schistosomiasis control as 86.3% (157/182), 98.4% (179/182) and 28.0% (51/182) respectively. In 2018, 199 questionnaires were received after education intervention, with the correct rates of knowledge, attitude and behavior of schistosomiasis control as 100% (199/199), 100% (199/199) and 24.1% (48/199) respectively, with significantly improved knowledge for schistosomiasis （P < 0.05）, but not for the attitude and behavior improvement (P > 0.05) compared with that before education. Specifically, the answer correct rates for the Schistosoma infection season, clinical manifestations and the consequences of not adequate treatment in children increased from 43.4% (79/182), 91.8% (167/182), 86.3% (157/182) to 99.5% (198/199), 100% (199/199), 100% (199/199) after the intervention. The correct rate of knowledge about the cause of schistosomiasis, the intermediate host of schistosomiasis and the treatment drugs reached 100% after intervention. The correct rate of the attitude towards schistosomiasis control was over 99.0% for all investigators. In terms of the behavior of schistosomiasis control, the correct rates for preventing pasturing, living and performing production activities in the areas with high risk of Schistosoma infection were improved from 28.0% (51/182), 1.6% (3/182) and 40.7% (74/182) before intervention to 100% (199/199), 64.8% (129/199) and 46.2% (92/199) after intervention, respectively, with significant difference (P < 0.05). Conclusion After the implementation of health education the awareness about schistosomiasis control for residents in endemic areas has been significantly improved.