目的 分析2011-2018年全国间日疟流行病学特征,为消除疟疾策略和措施的有效实施和指导今后消除疟疾工作提供数据支撑和理论依据。方法 收集2011-2018年31个省（直辖市、自治区,未包括香港、澳门和台湾）的间日疟疫情数据资料,对疫情概况、地区分布、感染来源等进行统计和分析。结果 2011-2018年全国除青海省外,其余30个省（直辖市、自治区）共报告间日疟病例7 768例,占报告总病例数的30.0%（7 768/25 874）。自2011年起,全国间日疟报告病例数呈持续下降趋势,从2011年的2 634例（占总报告病例数的58.6%）下降至2018年的352例（占总报告病例的14.0%）。报告的间日疟病例主要分布在云南（48.6%,3 772/7 768）、安徽（7.9%,612/7 768）、四川（7.8%,604/7 768）、湖南（4.6%,354/7 768）和河南（3.9%,303/7 768）。2011-2018年全国本地感染间日疟1 541例（占19.8%）。2016年全国共报告3例本地感染间日疟病例。2017、2018年无本地感染间日疟病例。2011-2018年全国共报告境外输入性间日疟病例6 227例,主要分布在云南（50.7%,3 160/6 227）、四川（9.4%,585/6 227）、湖南（5.6%,349/6 227）、河南（4.8%,297/6 227）和广西（4.4%,271/6 227）等省（自治区）。境外输入性间日疟病例来源于4大洲的65个国家,其中,亚洲国家15个,输入间日疟病例4 232例（68.0%,4 232/6 227）,主要来自缅甸（54.9%,3 419/6 227）、印度尼西亚（4.2%,264/6 227）、巴基斯坦（2.9%,182/6 227）等;非洲国家44个,输入间日疟病例1 556例（25.0%,1 556/6 227）,主要来自埃塞俄比亚（9.3%,580/6 227）、加纳（2.5%,155/6 227）、赤道几内亚（1.5%,96/6 227）等;南美洲国家4个,输入间日疟病例17例（0.3%,17/6 227）;大洋洲国家2个,输入间日疟病例60例（1.0%,60/6 227）。结论 2011-2018年,全国报告的间日疟病例数呈持续下降趋势,2017、2018年无本地感染间日疟病例报告。境外输入性间日疟病例来源于非洲、亚洲、南美洲和大洋洲的65个国家,建议全国应继续加强消除或开展消除后防止再传播工作,防止引起输入继发传播。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Plasmodium vivax in China from 2011 to 2018 so as to provide the evidence-based technical and theoretical support for the elimination of malaria in China. Methods The epidemiological data of P. vivax infection was collected from 31 provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions excluding Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan) from 2011 to 2018. The data of epidemic situation, regional distribution, infection source were analyzed. Results A total of 7 768 P. vivax infected cases were reported in 30 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) except for Qinghai from 2011 to 2018, accounting for 30.0% of the total reported malaria cases (7 768/25 874). The reported of P. vivax cases have declined from 2 634 cases (accounting for 58.6% of the total malaria cases) in 2011 to 352 cases (accounting for 14.0% of the total malaria cases) in 2018. The reported P. vivax cases were mainly distributed in Yunnan (48.6%, 3 772/7 768), Anhui (7.9%, 612/7 768), Sichuan (7.8%, 604/7 768), Hunan (4.6%, 354/7 768), and Henan (3.9%, 303/7 768). Only 3 local vivax malaria cases were reported in 2016. There was no local P. vivax case reported in 2017 and 2018. The imported 6 227 P. vivax cases were reported in 30 provinces during 2011-2018, mainly in Yunnan (50.7%, 3 160/6 227), Sichuan (9.4%, 585/6 227), Hunan (5.6%, 349/6 227), Henan (4.8%, 297/6 227) and Guangxi (4.4%, 271/6 227). Totally 65 countries in 4 continents were recorded as the sources of P. vivax infection for the imported cases. 4 232 P. vivax cases (68.0%, 4 232/6 227) were imported from 16 countries in Asia including Myanmar (54.9%, 3 419/6 227), Indonesia (4.2%, 264/6 227), and Pakistan (2.9%, 182/6 227). A total of 1 556 cases (25.0%, 1 556/6 227) were imported from 44 countries in Africa including Ethiopia (9.3%, 580/6 227), Ghana (2.5%, 155/6 227) and Equatorial Guinea (1.5%, 96/6 227). Besides, 17 P. vivax cases were imported from 4 countries in South America (0.3%, 17/6 227), and 60 cases imported from 2 countries in Oceania (1.0%, 60/6 227). Conclusion P. vivax cases were reported decreasingly from 2011 to 2018. No local P. vivax cases occurred in China in 2017 and 2018. However, the imported P. vivax infection source has been identified in 65 countries from Africa, Asia, South America and Oceania. Therefore, the measures in elimination and post-elimination should continue to be strengthened to prevent re-establishment of the imported vivax malaria.