目的 了解福建省沿海鱼类异尖线虫幼虫感染情况。方法 于2016年1月-2018年12月在福建省沿海3大渔场（闽东、闽中和闽南）随机采购海鱼,鉴定鱼种后,解剖镜下分离海鱼内脏和肌肉内的异尖线虫幼虫,光学显微镜下鉴定虫种。统计不同鱼种、不同脏器中异尖线虫幼虫分布情况。结果 共解剖海鱼32种810尾,检出异尖线虫幼虫感染19种277尾,异尖线虫幼虫感染率为34.2%,平均感染度为11.2条/尾。带鱼、马鲛鱼、海鲫鱼和包公鱼等4个鱼种异尖线虫幼虫感染率较高,分别为85.6%（95/111）、63.5%（47/74）、36.7%（67/162）和36.7%（18/49）,平均感染度分别为23.1、7.6、4.5和4.2条/尾。不同鱼种体内异尖线虫幼虫的分布不同,多数寄生于海鱼的肠系膜及肠壁、体腔和胃壁,其次是肝、胰脏器、生殖器,肌肉中极少发现。检获的异尖线虫鉴定出4种异尖线虫幼虫,分别是异尖属Ⅰ型幼虫（Anisakis typeⅠ）、异尖属Ⅱ型幼虫（Anisakis typeⅡ）、厦门宫脂线虫（Hysterothylacium amoyense）幼虫和宫脂线虫（Hysterothylacium sp.）幼虫。结论 福建省沿海海鱼类异尖线虫幼虫感染率较高,应加强防控。

Objective To understand the infection status and species of the larvae of Anisakis nematodes in sea fishes along Fujian coast. Methods The samples of marine fishes were randomly collected from three major fisheries along Fujian coast (Eastern, Middle and Southern) during January 2016 to December 2018. The fish species were identified and the Anisakis larvae were isolated from the visceral and muscle tissues of the infected fishes. The species of infected Anisakis spp. was examined and identified under dissecting microscope. The data of fish species, Anisakis species and infection rate were collected and analyzed. Results A total of 810 marine fishes classified as 32 species were examined, and the overall infection rate of Anisakis nematodes was 34.2% with average 11.2 worms in each infected fish. The fish species with highest infection rates of the nematode were Trichiurus lepturus (85.6%, 95/111), Scomberomorus niphonius (63.5%, 47/74), Ditrema temmincki Bleeker (36.7%, 67/162) and Plectorhynchus nitens (36.7%, 18/49), with average 23.1, 7.6, 4.5 and 4.2 larvae for each infected fish, respectively. The distribution of Anisakis larvae differed in different fish species, commonly seen in the mesenteric and intestinal wall, body cavity and gastric wall of those infected fishes followed by livers, pancreas and genitals, rarely seen in the muscle. Total four species of Anisakis nematodes were identified in the larvae collected from the fishes: Anisakis type Ⅰ, Anisakis type Ⅱ, Hysterothylacium amoyense and other Hysterothylacium. Conclusion The infection rate of Anisakis larvae in sea fishes along Fujian coast is high, and more prevention and control measures should be adopted and strengthened.