目的 分析2018年全国疟疾疫情特征及消除疟疾进展,为消除疟疾策略和措施的有效实施提供科学依据。方法 收集2018年全国31个省（直辖市、自治区,未包括台湾、香港和澳门地区）的疟疾疫情数据资料,使用Microsoft Excel 2010软件对消除疟疾进展情况和疫情特征等数据资料进行统计分析。结果 2018年全国796个机构累计报告疟疾病例2 678例,较2017年（2 861例）减少了6.4%,中国籍病例2 518（94.0%,2 518/2 678）,外国籍病例160例（6.0%,160/2 678）;男女性别比为12.9 : 1,病例年龄主要集中在20~59岁（89.2%,2 390/2 678）;临床诊断病例5例（0.2%,5/2 678）,间日疟397例（14.8%,397/2 678）,恶性疟1 765例（65.9%,1 765/2 678）,三日疟83例（3.1%,83/2 678）,卵形疟376例（14.0%,376/2 678）,混合感染52例（1.9%,52/2 678）。全国范围内无本地感染病例报告,境外输入性病例2 671例（99.7%,2 671/2 678）,输入继发病例4例,非蚊传病例2例,长潜伏期病例1例。报告疟疾病例数位居前5位的省（自治区）,依次为广西（254例,9.5%）、江苏（243例,9.1%）、山东（233例,8.7%）、四川（221例,8.3%）、云南（213例,8.0%）;全国15个省（直辖市、自治区）报告重症病例117例（4.4%,117/2 678）,6个省（直辖市、自治区）报告死亡病例7例（0.3%,7/2 678）。疟疾病例均在24 h内完成网络上报,3 d内流行病学个案调查完成率为93.0%（2 491/2 678）,7 d内调查并处置了2 250个疫点。结论 2018年继2017年已连续两年全国实现了无本地感染疟疾病例报告,但应继续加强重点地区境外输入性疟疾的监测和管理,巩固消除疟疾成果。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristic of malaria and the updates of malaria elimination in China so as to provide evidence-based reference for facilitating the National Malaria Elimination Program. Methods The malaria epidemic data in 2018 were collected from 31 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions (Taiwan, Hongkong and Macao regions not included) in China through Malaria Annual Reporting System, and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010 software. Results Total 2 678 malaria cases were reported from 796 institutions in China in 2018, which is decreased by 6.4% compared to the cases reported in 2017 (2 861 cases). The reported cases included 2 518 Chinese (94.0%) and 160 foreigners (6.0%). Most of the cases fell into the age range of 20-59 years (89.2%, 2 390/2 678) with a male-to-female ratio of 12.9 : 1. There were 397 cases infected with Plasmodium vivas (14.8%, 397/2 678), 1 765 infected with P. falciparum (65.9%, 1 765/2 678), 83 P. malariae(3.1%, 83/2 678), 376 P. ovale (14.0%, 376/2 678), 52 cases of mixed-infection (1.9%, 52/2 678) and 5 clinically diagnosed cases (0.2%, 5/2 678). No indigenous case was found while 2 671 (99.7%, 2 671/2 678) were identified as imported cases, 4 cases of introduced cases, 2 induced cases and 1 long-term dormant case. The top 5 provinces with highest number of malaria cases were Guangxi (254, 9.5%), Jiangsu (243, 9.1%), Shandong (233, 8.7%), Sichuan (221, 8.3%) and Yunnan (213, 8.0%). Total 117 cases with severe clinical symptoms were reported (4.4%, 117/2 678) from 15 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions with 7 deaths (0.3%, 7/2 678) from 6 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions. The 1-3-7 approach was implemented nationwide with good performance: all cases were reported within 24 hour (1 day) after diagnosis, 93.0% (2 491/2 678) of the cases were epidemiologically investigated within 3 days, and 2 250 sites with case identified were investigated and prevention measures were performed within 7 days. Conclusion Malaria was close towards elimination in China with no indigenous case reported for successive two years in the whole country from 2017-2018, however, more attention should be paid to the imported cases of malaria including the national surveillance and case management.