目的 分析2017年全国疟疾病例信息审核结果,总结疟疾病例报告和疟疾监测工作中存在的问题和不足。方法 收集并分析国家消除疟疾技术专家组对2017年疟疾专报系统中24个疟疾流行省的疟疾病例信息的审核结果,采用描述统计和卡方检验、趋势性检验等方法分析不同省、不同季度和不同地区的病例信息审核初审和复审结果及其影响因素。结果 2017年共审核了24个疟疾流行省（直辖市、自治区）的2 651例病例信息,初审合格率为58.17%（1 542/2 651）。第一至第四季度初审合格率分别为58.18%（377/648）、61.73%（450/729）、48.85%（360/737）和66.11%（355/537）,季度变化与初审合格率无显著线性趋势（P > 0.01）。东、中、西部地区病例信息初审合格率分别为55.96%（856/1 529）、60.35%（312/517）和61.82%（374/605）。全年初审合格率较低的3个省为湖北（36.00%,36/100）、贵州（37.50%,9/24）和河北（40.68%,24/59）。初审不合格问题包括无省级复核结果（29.23%,775/2 651）、病例判定证据不足（5.28%,140/2 651）、病例信息不完整（5.17%,137/2 651）和抗疟药使用不规范（2.15%,57/2 651）。经补充资料后复审,复审合格率为92.49%（2452/2 651）,不合格问题比例分别下降至3.06%（81/2 651）、2.04%（54/2 651）、1.36%（36/2 651）和1.06%（36/2 651）,复审不合格问题的比例差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。第一至第四季度复审合格率均较初审合格率上升,分别为89.81%（582/648）、91.08%（664/729）、93.08%（686/737）和96.83%（520/537）,季度变化与复审合格率存在线性趋势（P < 0.01）。东、中、西部地区的病例信息复审合格率分别为93.07%（1 423/1 529）、90.72%（469/517）和92.56%（560/605）,均较初审合格率上升,但差异无统计学意义（P > 0.01）。西部地区的抗疟药使用不规范比例（2.15%,13/605）高于中部（1.93%,10/517）和东部地区（0.33%,5/1 529）（P < 0.01）,且经两两比较差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）;不同地区的无省级复核结果、病例判定证据不足和病例信息不完整的比例差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.01）。全年复审合格率较低的3个省为贵州（75.00%,18/24）、河南（82.49%,76/177）、甘肃（15/18）。结论 疟疾病例信息审核提高了专报系统填报质量,信息填报不规范是病例审核中发现的主要问题。

Objective To audit and assess the credibility of malaria case information reported by National Information Management System for Malaria in 2017 and identify the problems and gaps in the malaria case report network, and provide the corresponding suggestions for improving the system accordingly. Methods The malaria cases reported by National Information Management System for Malaria from 24 malaria-endemic provinces and the case information were audited and re-assessed by National Technical Committee for Malaria Elimination. The audit results for the report credibility of malaria cases in different provinces, different seasons and different regions, and their influences were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and trend tests. Results A total of 2 651 malaria cases reported in 24 malaria endemic provinces (municipalities, autonomous region) in 2017 and the case information were audited and re-assessed by the committee experts, only 58.17% (1 542/2 651) of which were qualified through the preliminary assessment. The preliminarily assessed qualified rate for each case of quarter were 58.18% (377/648), 61.73% (450/729), 48.85% (360/737) and 66.11% (355/537), respectively, with no significant linear trend(P > 0.01). The qualified rate of preliminary assessment for cases collected from Eastern, Central and Western endemic regions were 55.96% (856/1 529), 60.35% (312/517) and 61.82% (374/605), respectively, without significant difference among them. The three provinces with the lowest assessment qualification rate were Hubei (36.00%, 36/100), Guizhou (37.50%, 9/24) and Hebei (40.68%, 24/59). The main reasons for the unqualified case report included the lack of provincial-level re-assessment (29.23%), insufficient evidence for case diagnosis (5.17%), incomplete case information (5.28%) and irregular antimalarial medication(2.15%). After being re-assessed through adding and collecting more information, the qualified rate of reported malaria cases increased to 92.49% (2 452/2 651) and the above mentioned unqualified reasons dropped to 3.06% (lack of provincial-level re-assessment), 2.04% (insufficient evidence), 1.36% (incomplete information) and 1.06% (irregular treatment), with statistical significance compared to the preliminary assessment results (P < 0.01). The re-assessment also increased the qualified rate of malaria cases reported in each quarter with 89.81% (582/648) for the 1st quarter, 91.08% (664/729) for the 2nd quarter, 93.08% (686/737) for the 3rd quarter and 96.83% (520/537) for the 4th quarter with linear trend (P < 0.01). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the unqualified rate of re-assessment in different regions (P > 0.01). The re-assessed qualified rate for cases reported in the eastern, central and western regions increased to 93.07% (1 423/1 529), 90.72% (469/517) and 92.56% (560/605) respectively, with no statistically significant difference among the different regions (P > 0.01). However, the rate of irregular antimalarial medication in western region (2.51%, 13/605) was higher than that in the central (1.93%, 10/517) and eastern (0.33%, 5/1 529) regions with statistical significance (P < 0.01), whereas the other unqualified reasons had no statistical difference among different regions (P > 0.01). The three provinces with the lowest qualified rate of malaria case report after being re-assessed were Guizhou (75.00%, 18/24), Henan (82.49%, 76/177) and Gansu (15/18). Conclusion Re-assessment of reported national malaria cases and case information have improved the qualification and accuracy of malaria cases reported by National Information Management System for Malaria. The main reason for the inaccuracy is the irregularities during the case information report.