目的 了解我国土源性线虫感染流行现状及影响因素,为制订土源性线虫病防治对策、评价防治效果提供科学依据。方法 2017年在全国30个省（直辖市、自治区）的291个土源性线虫病国家监测点（县）开展监测工作。各监测点按地理方位划分为东、西、南、北、中5个片区,每个片区抽取1个乡镇的1个行政村开展监测,每个行政村整群抽取3周岁以上常住居民200人,每个监测点共计调查1 000人。收集被调查者粪样,采用改良加藤厚涂片法进行一粪两检。计算感染率等指标,感染率间差异采用卡方检验。另外,每个行政村随机抽取5户,每户采集1份田地或菜园的土样（≥ 400 g）,其中350 g用于钩蚴检测,50 g用于人蛔虫卵检测。采用45 ℃、5%的盐水进行土壤中钩蚴镜检鉴定;采用饱和硝酸钠漂浮法检测土壤中人蛔虫卵。结果 2017年全国30个省（市、区）的291个监测点土源性线虫总感染率为1.78%（5 293/297 078）,其中感染率最高的为云南（11.83%,1 345/11 372）,其次为海南（10.91%,220/2 017）和重庆（9.68%,355/4 091）;男性土源性线虫感染率为1.62%（2 348/145 307）,低于女性的1.94%（2 945/151 771）（P < 0.01）;≥ 60岁年龄组土源性线虫感染率最高,为2.78%（1 986/71 314）,其次为7~14岁组（1.71%）和45~59岁组（1.69%）,各年龄组感染率间差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫的感染率分别为1.00%（2 974/297 078）、0.50%（1 473/297 078）和0.41%（1 224/297 078）,其中钩虫、蛔虫和鞭虫重度感染者所占比例分别为2.82%（84/2 794）、0.61%（9/1 473）、0.25%（3/1 224）,中度感染者所占比例分别为3.33%（99/2 794）、16.50%（243/1 473）、9.56%（117/1 224）,轻度感染者所占比例分别为93.85%（2791/2 794）、82.89%（1 221/1 473）、90.20%（1 104/1 224）。24个省（市、区）监测点进行了土壤中人蛔虫卵监测工作,土壤蛔虫卵检出率为5.59%（114/2 040）,钩蚴检出率为3.18%（64/2 040）。结论 2017年监测结果显示,全国土源性线虫整体感染水平较低,为1.78%,但仍有高感染省份,传播风险依然存在,需要继续加强监测工作。

Objective To determine the nationwide epidemic status of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections and the prevalent risk factors in China, so as to provide scientific basis for evaluating the existing control efforts and formulating control strategies. Methods The surveillance for STH was carried out in 291 surveillance sites or counties in 30 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions in China in 2017. Each surveillance site includes 5 villages evenly distributed geographically, and 200 permanent residents with age of over 3 years old were randomly enrolled from each village. The stool samples were collected from each enrolled villager and the eggs of STH were examined under microscope in duplicate using modified Kato-katz thick smear method. The prevalence for STH infections were then calculated. Chi-square test was used to compare the infection rates among different groups. In addition, the contamination of Ascaris eggs and hookworm larvae was also monitored in soil samples collected from 5 households in each village. Results Total 297 078 people were enrolled in the surveillance from the total 291 surveillance sites and the overall prevalence of STH infections was 1.78% (5 293/297 078)nationwide. The top three provinces with highest prevalence of STH infections include Yunnan (11.83%, 1 345/11 372), Hainan (10.91%, 220/2 017)and Chongqing (9.68%, 355/4 091). The prevalence of STH in female villagers (1.94%, 2 945/151 771)was significantly higher than male (1.62%, 2 348/145 307)(P < 0.01). Villagers with age of 60 years old and above had the highest infection rate of 2.78%(1 986/71 314), followed by 7-14 age group(1.71%)and 45-59 age group(1.69%), with statistical difference among the different age groups(P < 0.01). The overall prevalence of hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Trichuris trichiura within the investigated villagers were 1.00%, 0.50% and 0.41%, respectively. However, most of them were light infection, accounting for 93.85%(2 791/2 794)for hookworm, 82.89%(1 221/1 473)for A. lumbricoides and 90.20%（1 104/1 224）for T. trichiura. The moderate infection account for 3.33%(99/2 794) for hookworm, 16.50%（243/1 473）for A. lumbricoides and 9.6%(117/1 224) for T. trichiura. The heavy infections only accounted for 2.82%(84/2 794)for hookworm, 0.61%(9/1 473)for A. lumbricoides and 0.25%(3/1 224)for T. trichiura. The contamination rates of Ascaris eggs and hookworm larvae in collected soil were 5.59% (114/2 040) and 3.18% (64/2 040), respectively. Conclusion Based on the nationwide surveillance of STH from 291 surveillance sites in 2017 the overall prevalence of STH in China was low, however, the STH prevalence in some provinces with low economic development still remained high and the endemic risks still existed. It is needed to continue the surveillance and strengthen the control efforts especially in those areas with low economic growth.