目的 分析青藏高原东部石渠县虻类昆虫的分布特征及其潜在携带寄生虫情况，为掌握该地区虻类昆虫的分布格局及制定虻传疾病防控策略提供基础资料。方法 2023年8月和2025年8月在四川省石渠县的尼呷镇、色须镇、洛须镇，于10:00—14:00采用网兜捕捉法采集虻，提取其组织DNA。使用28S rRNA特异性引物扩增目标片段并测序，使用Geneious Prime软件拼接序列，在GenBank中进行BLAST比对以确定虫种。利用DnaSP计算单倍型多样性，DAMBE检验碱基替换饱和度，jModelTest筛选核苷酸替代模型，并用MEGA最大似然法构建系统进化树。使用通用寄生虫引物开展高通量测序，测序数据经过质量控制、双端拼接、操作分类单位（OTU）聚类等，检测虻样品中潜在寄生虫。结果 共采集虻样品324份，经鉴定筛选共获得有效样品304份，鉴定为3属3种，分别为双斑瘤虻、红褐腹虻和毛肾角鹬虻。红褐腹虻共275只，为优势物种（占90.46%，275/304）；双斑瘤虻共24只，占7.89%（24/304）；毛肾角鹬虻共5只，占1.65%（5/304）。共检测到8个单倍型，其中双斑瘤虻2个单倍型，红褐腹虻和毛肾角鹬虻各3个单倍型。系统进化树分析显示，研究序列在科、属和种级水平均呈现清晰的分化结构，双斑瘤虻的2个单倍型（H3、H4）与参考序列M243434序列聚为一支，红褐腹虻的3个单倍型（H1、H6、H8）与参考序列AF238561聚为单系分支，毛肾角鹬虻的3个单倍型（H2、H5、H7）与参考序列AF238558形成高度支持的单系分支。高通量测序共获得1 499个OTU，包含2个潜在寄生虫相关OTU，分别为鼠突线虫、伊氏罗索线虫，均仅在双斑瘤虻中检出；红褐腹虻和毛肾角鹬虻中未检出寄生虫OTU。结论 石渠县虻类群落以红褐腹虻为主，整体遗传多样性较低。双斑瘤虻中检测到低丰度线虫相关序列，提示其在高原虻传病原传播中的潜在生态学意义。

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of and prevalence of parasitic infections in tabanid flies in Shiqu County, eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, so as to provide baseline data for understanding tabanid fly distribution patterns and formulation of tabanid-borne disease control strategies in this region. Methods Tabanid samples were collected from Nixia Town, Sexu Town, and Luoxu Town of Shiqu County, Sichuan Province using a net trapping method from 10:00 to 14:00 in August 2023 and August 2025. Genomic DNA was extracted from tabanid samples, and target fragments were amplified and sequenced using 28S rRNA-specific primers. Sequences were assembled using the Geneious Prime software, and the species was identified with the BLAST tool in the GenBank database. Haplotype diversity was calculated using the DnaSP software, and saturation of base substitutions was tested with the DAMBE software. Nucleotide substitution models were screened with the jModelTest tool, and a phylogenetic tree was generated with the maximum likelihood method using the MEGA software. High-throughput sequencing was performed with universal parasite primers, and sequencing data were subjected to quality control, paired-end assembly, operational taxonomic unit (OTU) clustering to detect potential parasites in tabanid samples. Results A total of 324 tabanid specimens were sampled, and 304 valid samples were obtained following identification and screening, which belonged to three genera and three species, including Hybomitra bimaculate (Tabanidae), Tabanus rufofrator (Tabanidae), and Symphoromyia hirta (Rhagionidae). T. rufofrator was the dominant species (275 individuals, 90.4%, 275/304), and 24 (7.89%, 24/304) H. bimaculate and 5 S. hirta (1.65%, 5/304) were identified. Totally eight haplotypes were detected, including two for H. bimaculata and three each for T. rufofrator and S. hirta. Phylogenetic analysis revealed clear differentiation structures of the study sequences at family, genus, and species levels. Two H. bimaculata haplotypes (H3 and H4) were clustered into the same clade with the reference sequence with the GenBank accession number of M243434, and three T. rufofrator haplotypes (H1, H6 and H8) were clustered into the monophyletic clade with the reference sequence with the GenBank accession number of AF238561, while three S. hirta haplotypes (H2, H5 and H7) and the reference sequence with the GenBank accession number of AF238558 generated a highly supported monophyletic clade. High-throughput sequencing yielded 1 499 OUT, which contained two potential parasite-associated OUT, including Mastophorus muris and Romanomermis iyengari, which were only present in H. bimaculate, while no parasites were detected in T. rufofrator or S. hirta. Conclusion T. rufofrator is the dominant species of the tabanid fly community in Shiqu County, with an overall low genetic diversity. Low-abundance nematode sequences are detected in H. bimaculate, suggesting the potential ecological significance in the transmission of tabanid-borne pathogens on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.