收集监测报告管理系统中2025年全国31个省（直辖市、自治区，未包括台湾、香港和澳门地区）和新疆生产建设兵团的《疟疾流行病学个案调查表》，对疟疾病例流行病学特征进行统计分析。2025年全国报告疟疾病例4 314例，较2017年（2 861例）、2021年（799例）、2024年（3 157例）分别增加了50.8%、439.9%、36.6%；死亡病例11例，较2024年（15例）减少4例。恶性疟2 829例（占65.6%，2 829/4 314），间日疟963例（占22.3%，963/4 314），卵形疟372例（占8.6%，372/4 314），三日疟103例（占2.4%，103/4 314），混合感染47例（占1.1%，47/43 14）。境外输入性病例4 308例，非蚊传疟疾病例（输血感染）5例，长潜伏期再燃病例1例（三日疟）。除西藏自治区外，其余30个省份和新疆生产建设兵团均有疟疾病例报告，病例数居前5位的省份依次为云南（678例）、广东（359例）、河南（354例）、湖南（338例）和山东（307例），累计报告2 036例（占47.2%，2 036/4 314）。男女性别比为12.8 ∶ 1，30~39岁年龄组的病例最多（占29.1%，1 255/4 314），出境/入境事由以务工为主（占71.6%，3 086/4 308）。有27个省份报告危重症病例131例（占3.0%，131/4 314），较2024年（112例）增加了17.0%。近4年，我国疟疾疫情呈现持续上升趋势，数千例境外输入性病例给防止输入再传播工作带来压力和挑战。

Malaria case investigation forms in 31 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions (excluding Taiwan, Hongkong, Macao) and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps aross China in 2025 were collected from the National Notifiable Infectious Diseases Reporting Information System, and the epidemiological characteristic of malaria cases were statistically analyzed. A total of 4 314 malaria cases were reported in China in 2025, which increased by 50.8%, 439.9%, and 36.6% relative to in 2017 (2 861), 2021 (799) and 2024 (3 157), respectively, and 11 deaths were reported in 2025, which reduced by four as compared to in 2024 (15 deaths). Of all reported malaria cases, there were 2 829 Plasmodium falciparum malaria cases (65.6%, 2 829/4 314), 963 P. vivax malaria cases (22.3%. 963/4 314), 372 P. ovale malaria cases (8.6%, 372/4 314), 103 P. malariae malaria cases (2.4%,103/4 314), and 47 cases with mixed infections (1.1%, 47/4 314), and there were 4 308 imported cases, 5 non-mosquito-borne malaria cases (transfusion-transmitted infection), and one recrudescent case with a long incubation period (P. malariae malaria). Malaria cases were reported in 30 provinces and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, with the exception of Xizang Autonomous Region, with Yunnan Province (678 cases), Guangdong Province (359 cases), Henan Province (354 cases), Hunan Province (338 cases), and Shandong Province (307 cases) as the five most seriously affected provinces, accounting for 47.2% (2 036/4 314) of totally reported malaria cases. The ratio of male to female cases was 12.8 ∶ 1, and patients at ages of 30 to 39 years accounted for the largest proportion of cases (29.1%, 1 255/4 314). The most common reason for exit and entry was labor (71.6%, 3 086/4 308). A total of 131 critically ill malaria cases were reported across 27 provinces in 2025 (3.0%, 131/4 314), which increased by 17.0% relative to in 2024 (112 cases). Malaria epidemic has risen for four consecutive years in China, and thousands of imported malaria cases have posed substantial pressure and challenges to prevention of re-establishment of imported malaria.