目的 了解和掌握云南省人体土源性线虫感染情况和流行特征，为制定全省土源性线虫病防治对策提供科学依据。 方法 按照《全国肝吸虫病和土源性线虫病监测方案（试行）》要求，采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取17个县（市、区）开展监测工作（其中澜沧县为固定监测点），各监测点按地理方位划分为东、西、南、北、中5个片区，每片区各抽取1个行政村，每个行政村整群抽取3周岁及以上本地常住人口200人为监测对象，每个调查点调查人数不少于1 000人。采集被调查者粪样，采用改良加藤厚涂片法（一粪两检）进行检测和虫卵计数，计算感染率、感染度等，感染率的比较采用卡方检验。3~9岁儿童加做透明胶纸肛拭法再次检查蛲虫卵。固定监测点每个行政村随机抽取5户居民，每户采集1份田地或菜园土样，检测土样中的钩蚴和人蛔虫卵。 结果 17个土源性线虫病监测县（市、区）共调查17 554人，土源性线虫感染率为2.81% (493/17 554)。各片区中滇南感染率最高，为5.27%（384/7 288）（χ² = 297.64，P < 0.05），边境县感染率（11.69%，370/3 166）高于非边境县（0.85%，123/14 388）（χ² = 1 115.42，P < 0.05），各监测点澜沧感染率最高，为23.87%（263/1 102)（χ² = 2 094.64，P < 0.05）。男性感染率为2.60%（214/8 237）、女性为2.99%（279/9 317）。年龄分布感染率最高的是60~69岁组（3.72%，99/2 658)（χ² = 47.97，P < 0.05）。民族分布感染率排前4位的依次是景颇族（1/2）、拉祜族（27.68%，155/560）、哈尼族（14.74%，102/692）和佤族人群（12.66%，10/79）（χ² = 1 828.99，P < 0.05）。职业分布感染率最高的是农民（3.37%，457/13 563）（χ² = 71.94，P < 0.05）。文化程度分布感染率最高的是文盲6.71%（89/1 327）（χ² = 143.84，P < 0.01）。钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫、蛲虫感染率分别为2.47%（434/17 554）、0.05%（9/17 554）、0.26%（45/17 554）和0.07%（13/17 554）。钩虫、蛔虫和鞭虫轻度感染者分别占97.00%（421/434）、8/9和88.89%（40/45）；中度感染者分别占1.38%（6/434）、1/9和11.11%（5/45）；钩虫重度感染占0.38%（6/434），蛔虫和鞭虫未发现重度感染者。固定监测点检测25份土壤样品，其中11份检出钩蚴，检出率为44.00%（11/25），未检出蛔虫卵。此次调查还检出带绦虫、东方毛圆线虫和缩小膜壳绦虫感染者。 结论 云南省边境少数民族地区土源性线虫尤其钩虫感染仍处于较高水平，在边境少数民族地区开展土源性线虫病综合防治是今后寄生虫病防治工作的重点。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of human soil-transmitted nematode infections in Yunnan Province, so as to provide insights into formulation of the soil-transmitted nematodiasis control strategy in the province. Methods A total of 17 counties (cities, districts) were selected as surveillance points using a stratified cluster random sampling method according to the requirements of the National Scheme for Surveillance of Liver Fluke and Soil-transmitted Nematodiasis (Trial) (with Lancang County as a fixed surveillance point). Each surveillance point was divided into five eastern, western, southern, northern, and central areas according to geographical locations, and one administrative village was sampled from each area, followed by 200 local permanent residents at ages of 3 years and older sampled for each administrative village as surveillance subjects using a cluster sampling method, with at least 1 000 individuals surveyed in each surveillance point. Subjects’ stool samples were collected, and detected for soil-transmitted nematode infections and egg counts with the improved Kato-Katz thick smear method (two slides for each stool sample). The prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted nematode infections were calculated, and differences of prevalence were compared with chi-square test. Pinworm eggs were additionally detected among children at ages of 3 to 9 years with a cellophane tape test. Five households were randomly sampled from each administrative village at fixed surveillance points, and one farmland or vegetable garden soil sample was collected from each household to detect hookworm larvae and human Ascaris lumbricoides eggs in soil samples. Results A total of 17 554 residents were detected for soil-transmitted nematode infections in 17 counties (cities, districts), and the prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections was 2.81% (493/17 554). The highest prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections was seen in southern Yunnan Province (5.27%, 384/7 288) (χ² = 297.64, P < 0.05), and the prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections was higher in border counties (11.69%, 370/3 166) than in non-border counties (0.85%, 123/14 388) (χ² = 1 115.42, P < 0.05). As of surveillance points, the highest prevalence was recorded in Lancang County (23.87%, 263/1 102) (χ² = 2 094.64, P < 0.05). The prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections was 2.60% (214/8 237) in males and 2.99% (279/9 317) in females, and the highest prevalence was observed among individuals at ages of 60 to 69 years (3.72%, 99/2 658) (χ² = 47.97, P < 0.05). As of ethnicity, Jingpo (1/2), Lahu (27.68%, 155/560), Hani (14.74%, 102/692), and Wa (12.66%, 10/79) ethnic populations had the four highest prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections (χ² = 1 828.99, P < 0.05), and in terms of occupations and educational levels, the highest prevalence was seen among farmers (3.37%, 457/13 563) (χ² = 71.94, P < 0.05) and illiterate individuals (6.71%, 89/1 327) (χ² = 143.84, P < 0.01). The prevalence of hookworm, A. lumbricoides, Trichuris trichura, and pinworm infections was 2.47% (434/17 554), 0.05% (9/17 554), 0.26% (45/17 554), and 0.07% (13/17 554), respectively. The prevalence of mild and moderate infections was 97.00% (421/434), 8/9, and 88.89% (40/45), and 1.38% (6/434), 1/9, and 11.11% (5/45) among individuals with hookworm, A. lumbricoides, T. trichura infections, respectively, and the prevalence of severe infection was 0.38% among individuals with hookworm infections (0.38%, 6/434), while no severe infections were found among individuals with A. lumbricoides or T. trichura infections. A total of 25 soil samples were detected for hookworm larvae and A. lumbricoides at fixed surveillance points, and the detection of hookworm larvae was 44.00% (11/25); however, no A. lumbricoides eggs were detected. In addition, tapeworm, Trichostrongylus orientalis, and Hymenolepis diminuta infections were detected. Conclusion The prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections is high in ethnic minority border regions of Yunnan Province, notably hookworm infections. Implementation of integrated soil-transmitted control interventions should be given be a high priority in future parasitic disease control programs in ethnic minority border regions of Yunnan Province.