收集2000年1月至2025年4月就诊于新疆医科大学第一附属医院接受手术治疗的21例原发胸膜腔棘球蚴病病例，以描述性流行病学方法对病例进行分析，包括一般资料、流行病学资料、临床表现、胸部CT检查、治疗和转归等。结果显示，病例中男性14例，女性7例；平均年龄为44.8岁。有流行区旅居史或犬类接触史者11例。21例病例中，右侧胸膜腔棘球蚴15例，体检时发现14例，多发棘球蚴15例，有肝棘球蚴病史19例。胸腔镜手术病例6例，开胸手术16例。术后出现肺部感染8例，气胸2例，脓胸1例。术后常规病理检查结果为细粒棘球蚴病16例，为多房棘球蚴病5例。出院后失访4例，随访36个月17例，其中2例分别于术后12个月及15个月复发，15例未见复发。结果提示原发于胸膜腔的寄生虫病术前胸部CT是最佳的检查选择，胸腔镜切除术经过专业评估后对部分患者可能是可行和安全的治疗策略。

The medical records of 21 patients with primary echinococcosis in the pleural cavity that received surgical treatment in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2000 to April 2025 were retrospectively collected, and a descriptive epidemiological method was employed to analyze the demographic features, epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, chest CT scans, treatment and outcomes. The case series included 14 men and 7 women and had a mean age of 44.8 years. There were 11 cases with a history of staying in epidemic areas or contact with canines. There were 15 cases with echinococcosis in the right-side pleural cavity, 14 cases identified using physical examinations, 15 cases with multiple hydatid cysts, and 19 cases with a medical history of hepatic echinococcosis. Surgical interventions consisted of thoracoscopic surgery among 6 cases and thoracotomy among 16 cases. Postoperative complications included pulmonary infection (8 cases), pneumothorax (2 cases), and empyema (1 case), and conventional postoperative pathological examinations revealed cystic echinococcosis in 16 cases and alveolar echinococcosis in 5 cases. Of all cases, there were 4 cases lost to the 36-month follow-up after discharge from hospital, and among the 17 cases completing follow-up, there were 2 cases with recurrence 12 and 15 months post-surgery and 15 cases without recurrence. These findings demonstrate that preoperative chest CT scan is the optimal choice for evaluation of parasitic diseases primarily originating from the pleural cavity, and thoracoscopic resection may represent a feasible and safe therapeutic strategy for selected patients following thorough professional assessment.