目的 全面分析2024年全国棘球蚴病防治工作进展，总结防治经验、发现存在的问题，为优化防治策略和措施提供科学依据。方法 收集2024年中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病防治信息管理系统全国棘球蚴病流行区防治工作数据，建立数据库。对流行区人群查治病、传染源感染以及中间宿主患病等情况进行描述分析，并与2020至2023年的数据进行比较。采用Pearson卡方和Cochran-Armitage趋势检验进行组间分析。结果 截至2024年底，全国370个流行县现有棘球蚴病患者23 622例，患病率为53.73/10万（23 622/43 963 728），较2020年（63.51/10万）下降15.40%。新发现棘球蚴病患者2 159例，较2020年（1 900例）上升13.63%，其中，< 12岁患者占10.79%（233/2 159）。2024年全国共计开展人群腹部超声筛查564.04万人次，对超声检查结果为疑似的对象开展血清学检查12 479人次。2024年开展药物治疗16 717人；手术治疗2 061人，其中细粒棘球蚴病占69.29%（1 428/2 061），多房棘球蚴病占24.55%（506/2 061）。2024年随访结果显示，治愈2 499例，治疗有效18 294例，治疗无效4 511例，死亡（非棘球蚴病死因）371例，排除483例，失访231例，未到随访时间169例，外迁他地88例。2024年全国流行乡（镇）共有犬只2 073 297条，其中登记管理的犬1 960 195条。35 146个村开展了犬驱虫工作，家犬药物驱虫20 989 364次，野外犬科动物驱虫投药347 167份。家犬棘球绦虫粪抗原阳性率为0.51%（2 109/411 144），自2021年起呈上升趋势（Z = 3.66，P < 0.05）；野外犬科动物棘球绦虫粪抗原阳性率为3.33%（2 437/73 088），且自2021年起呈上升趋势（Z = 31.37，P < 0.05）。2024年，家畜患病率为0.92%（1 273/138 373），自2021年起呈上升趋势（Z = 10.20，P < 0.05）。野外啮齿类动物患病率为0.57%（282/49 780），自2021年起呈下降趋势（Z = -11.31，P < 0.05）。结论 2024年全国棘球蚴病流行态势得到基本控制，但新发现病例回升、传染源感染率增高提示疫情存在反弹风险。未来防治需持续强化综合防治与跨部门协作，聚焦于全健康理念下的传染源精准管控、提升基层能力、并加大科研投入以突破关键技术瓶颈，进一步提升我国棘球蚴病防治能力。

Objective To investigate the progress of nationwide echinococcosis control program in China in 2024, and to summarize the experiences and challenges, so as to provide insights into optimization of echinococcosis control strategies and measures. Methdos Data pertaining to national echinococcosis control programs in endemic areas of China in 2024 were collected from the Information Management System for Parasitic Disease Control operated by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention to create a database. A descriptive analysis was performed to understand human echinococcosis tests and treatments, prevalence of infections in infectious sources, and prevalence of echinococcosis in intermediate hosts, and compare them with the data from 2020 to 2023. Intergroup comparisons were performed using Pearson’s chi-square test and Cochran-Armitage trend test. Results A total of 23 622 prevalent echinococcosis cases were found in 370 endemic counties across China by the end of 2024, with a prevalence rate of 53.73/10⁵ (23 622/43 963 728), appearing a 15.40% decrease relative to 2020 (63.51/10⁵). A total of 2 159 incident echinococcosis cases were reported in China in 2024, showing a 13.63% increase relative to 2020 (1 900 cases), and 10.79% (233/2 159) of cases were detected among individuals at ages of under 12 years. Abdominal ultrasound scans were performed for human echinococcosis screening in China at 5.640 4 million person-times in 2024, and suspected cases positive for ultrasound scans were subjected to serological tests at 12 479 person-times. A total of 16 717 individuals received chemotherapy against echinococcosis and 2 061 individuals received surgical treatments for echinococcosis in 2024, including 69.29% of cystic echinococcosis patients (1 428/2 061) and 24.55% of alveolar echinococcosis patients (506/2 061). The 2024 follow-up outcomes revealed that there were 2 499 cases with cure, 18 294 cases with responses to treatments, 4 511 cases with failure in treatments, 371 deaths (the causes of the deaths were not echinococcosis), 483 cases excluded from the study, 231 cases lost to follow-up, 169 cases with incompletion of the follow-up, and 88 cases migrating to other places. In 2024, there were 2 073 297 dogs in echinococcosis-endemic townships in China, including 1 960 195 dogs registered for management. Deworming was conducted in dogs in 35 146 villages, including domestic dog deworming at 20 989 364 times, and wild canines deworming with 347 167 doses. The prevalence of positive Echinococcus coproantigen results was 0.51% (2 109/411 144) in domestic dogs, appearing a tendency towards a rise since 2021 (Z = 3.66, P < 0.05), and was 3.33% (2 437/73 088) in wild canines, showing a tendency towards a rise since 2021 (Z = 31.37, P < 0.05). In 2024, the prevalence of echinococcosis was 0.92% (1 273/138 373) in livestock, appearing a tendency towards a rise since 2021 (Z = 10.20, P < 0.05), and was 0.57% (282/49 780) in field rodents, appearing a tendency towards a decline since 2021 (Z = -11.31, P < 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of echinococcosis had been basically controlled in China in 2024; however, the rebound of incident cases and an increase in the prevalence of echinococcosis in infectious sources indicate a risk of resurgence. Future echinococcosis control efforts should continue to strengthen integrated control and cross-sectoral collaboration, and focus on precise management of infectious sources in the context of the One Health concept, improved grassroots capacity, and increased investment in scientific research to overcome key technical bottlenecks, so as to improve echinococcosis control capabilities in China.