目的 了解2017—2024年上海市普陀区流通食品食源性寄生虫感染情况和居民食源性寄生虫认知行为情况，为制定适合本区食源性寄生虫防制策略提供依据。方法 2017—2024年对普陀区不同街道不同流通环节的食品分层随机抽样，采集淡水鱼、淡水虾、蟹类和贝类、海水鱼、腌制生食动物性水产品、牛蛙、巴氏杀菌乳，分别采用剖检法、人工消化法、实时荧光定量PCR法检测食源性寄生虫污染情况。2023—2024年在超市、农贸市场和餐厅等食品流通场所，采用分层随机抽样法抽取水产销售人员、服务人员和场所内居民进行问卷调查，调查居民的食源性寄生虫病知晓情况、生食行为习惯和防治意愿。采用Fisher确切概率法进行率的比较，采用Bonferroni法进一步行多重检验。结果 2017—2024年共采集并检测食品样品1 055份，检出食源性寄生虫阳性样品45份，总检出率为4.27%。其中，海水鱼样品中异尖线虫检出率为31.43%（33/105），主要在鲐鱼（3/3）、小黄鱼（56.00%，14/25）、带鱼（51.72%，15/29）、大黄鱼（1/17）中检出，不同种类海水鱼间异尖线虫感染率差异有统计学意义（Fisher确切概率法，P < 0.01）。腌制生食动物性水产品样品中棘口吸虫囊蚴检出率为11.32%（12/106），不同腌制生食动物性水产品间棘口吸虫囊蚴的感染率差异有统计学意义（Fisher确切概率法，P < 0.01）。淡水鱼、淡水虾、蟹类和贝类、牛蛙和巴氏杀菌乳样品中均未检出食源性寄生虫。超市和零售店、农贸市场、餐厅、网店的海水鱼样品中异尖线虫检出率分别为17.39%（4/23）、36.36%（28/77）、1/4、0/1（Fisher确切概率法，P > 0.05）；超市和零售店、农贸市场、餐厅、网店的腌制生食动物性水产品样品中棘口吸虫囊蚴检出率分别为18.18%（6/33）、17.14%（6/35）、0/13、0（0/25）（Bonferroni法，P > 0.05）。食源性寄生虫检出率与采样场所无关。问卷调查显示，居民食源性寄生虫病知晓率为74.02%（94/127），其中40~49岁人群（87.50%，21/24）、城市居民（76.07%，89/117）、大学本科（82.61%，57/69）、医务人员（100%，32/32）的知晓率较高。61.42%（78/127）的调查对象存在生食或半生食行为，其中30~39岁人群（80.95%，34/42）和研究生（7/10）比例较高。愿意改变特殊饮食喜好或不良饮食习惯者占96.06%（122/127）。感染后愿意规范治疗者占97.64%（124/127）。53.54%（68/127）的居民愿意了解食源性寄生虫病相关知识，其中男性（41.86%，18/43）、18~29岁年龄组（44.74%，17/38）、郊区居民（4/10）、离退/待业人员（3/7）和水产捕捞/销售人员（3/7）了解相关知识的意愿较低。结论 上海市普陀区流通食品中食源性寄生虫污染风险依然存在，海水鱼和腌制生食动物性水产品寄生虫感染较严重。居民对食源性寄生虫病的知晓率较高，无生食和半生食行为居民的比例较低，存在知晓和行为分离问题，应继续加强监测和宣传教育。

Objective To investigate the contamination of foodborne parasites in market-sold and awareness of foodborne parasite knowledge and behaviors pertaining to foodborne parasites among residents in Putuo District, Shanghai Municipality from 2017 to 2024, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the control strategies for foodborne parasites in this district. Methods Freshwater fishes, freshwater shrimps, crabs and shellfishes, marine fishes, raw pickled aquatic products of animal origin, bullfrogs, and pasteurized milks were collected using a stratified random sampling method from different circulation links across different streets in Putuo District from 2017 to 2024, and the contamination of food-borne parasites was detected using the microscopy following dissection, artificial digestion method, and quantitative real-time PCR assay. Aquatic product sales personnel, service personnel and residents in food circulation places were randomly sampled using a stratified random sampling method from supermarkets, agricultural trade markets and restaurants from 2023 to 2024, and the awareness of foodborne parasitic diseases knowledge, habits of consumption of raw food and willingness to receive foodborne parasitic diseases control were investigated among participants using questionnaire surveys. Fisher’s exact probability test was used to compare proportions, followed by multiple comparisons with Bonferroni correction. Results A total of 1 055 food samples were collected and detected from 2017 to 2024, and 45 samples were tested positive for foodborne parasites, with an overall detection rate of 4.27%. The detection of Anisakis was 1.43% (33/105) in marine fish samples, with parasites predominantly detected in Scomber japonicus (3/3), Larimichthys polyactis (56.00%, 14/25), Trichiurus haumela (51.72%, 15/29) and Larimichthys crocea (1/17), and there was a significant difference in the prevalence of Anisakis infections among different types of marine fishes (Fisher’s exact probability test, P < 0.01). The detection of Echinostoma metacercariae was 11.32% (12/106) in raw pickled aquatic products of animal origin, and there was a significant difference in the detection of Echinostoma metacercariae among different types of raw pickled aquatic products of animal origin (Fisher’s exact probability test, P < 0.01). However, no foodborne parasites were detected in freshwater fishes, freshwater shrimps, crabs and shellfishes, bullfrogs, or pasteurized milk samples. The detection rates of Anisakis were 17.39% (4/23), 36.36% (28/77), 1/4, and 0/1 in marine fish samples from supermarkets and retail stores, agricultural trade markets, restaurants, and online stores, respectively (Fisher’s exact probability test, P > 0.05), and the detection rates of Echinostoma metacercariae were 18.18% (6/33), 17.14% (6/35), 0/13, and 0 (0/25) in raw pickled aquatic products of animal origin from supermarkets and retail stores, agricultural trade markets, restaurants, and online stores, respectively (Bonferroni correction, P > 0.05), indicating that the detection rate of foodborne parasites did not correlate sampling sites. Questionnaire survey showed that the awareness of foodborne parasitic diseases was 74.02% (94/127) among residents, with relatively higher awareness among participants at ages of 40 to 49 years (87.50%, 21/24), urban residents (76.07%, 89/117), participants with a bachelor degree (82.61%, 57/69), and healthcare professionals (100%, 32/32). Of all respondents, 61.42% (78/127) had behaviors of consumption of raw or semi-raw food, with a relatively higher proportion among participants at ages of 30 to 39 years (80.95%, 34/42) and postgraduates (7/10), and 96.06% (122/127) were willing to change their special dietary preferences or poor dietary habits. In addition, 97.64% (124/127) of respondents were willing to receive standardized treatment post-infection, and 53.54% (68/127) were willing to learn knowledge pertaining to foodborne parasitic diseases, with relative lower willingness among men (41.86%, 18/43), participants at ages of 18 to 29 years (44.74%, 17/38), suburban residents (4/10), retirees/unemployed persons (3/7), and aquatic food catchers/sellers (3/7). Conclusion There is a risk of foodborne parasite contaminations in circulating food in Putuo District, Shanghai Municipality, with relatively higher prevalence of foodborne parasite infections in marine fishes and raw pickled aquatic products of animal origin. The awareness of foodborne parasitic diseases knowledge is high among residents; however, the proportion of residents without behaviors of consuming raw or semi-raw food is low, indicating a discrepancy between the awareness and behaviors. Continuous monitoring and health education are required to be intensified.