目的 了解和评价我国当前血吸虫病监测工作实施质量及存在的问题，为进一步推动血吸虫病监测工作提供参考。方法 于2024年10—12月采用配额抽样法，选择全国承担血吸虫病监测任务的13个省（自治区、直辖市，以下简称“省”）的22个县（市、区，以下简称“县”）进行评价。基于《信息技术数据质量评价指标》（GB/T 36344—2018）和专家会议法构建评价指标，从规范性、完整性、准确性、一致性和时效性5个方面评价调查对象的监测工作数据质量。每个调查县共抽取50人份监测对象的血清样品、30张改良加藤厚涂片（少于30张，则全部检查）和10个查螺环境进行复核。指标评分采用等权重法进行分析，计算平均分、血清和病原学复核样品符合率等描述性统计指标，采用Wilcoxon秩和检验比较血吸虫病消除及非流行地区与未消除地区之间的平均分差异。结果 22个评价县共包括7个消除省监测县、2个非流行县和13个未消除省流行监测县。22个评价县平均分为（9.04 ± 0.79）分，未消除省流行监测县平均分为（8.92 ± 0.76）分，消除省监测县及非流行县平均分为（9.22 ± 0.83）分，其差异无统计学意义（Z = -0.889，P > 0.05）。22个调查县监测工作的规范性、完整性、准确性、一致性和时效性平均分分别为（1.86 ± 0.35）、（1.73 ± 0.46）、（1.77 ± 0.43）、（1.95 ± 0.21）和（1.73 ± 0.46）分。其中，有3个县监测经费未到位，6个县钉螺调查原始记录不完整，3个县7份血清样品原始检测结果与定性复核结果不一致，3个县钉螺监测的经纬度、查螺示意图等不准确，1个县原始数据与统计表总数不一致，6个县未及时更新、录入和整理数据。结论 全国血吸虫病监测县监测工作质量较好，但时效性和规范性有待于进一步提高。为保障监测质量，应继续维持经费和物资支持、加强培训以提升监测专业技术人员能力。

Objective To understand and evaluate the implementation quality and problems of current schistosomiasis surveillance programmes in China, so as to provide insights into facilitating schistosomiasis surveillance programme. Methods In October to December, 2024, a total of 22 counties (county-level cities or districts, hereinafter referred to as “counties”) were sampled using a quota sampling method from 13 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities, hereinafter referred to as “provinces”) where national schistosomiasis surveillance programmes were implemented. Based on Information technology―Evaluation indicators for data quality (GB/T 36344-2018) and the expert meeting method, evaluation indicators were proposed to assess the quality of the surveillance programmes, including standardization, integrity, accuracy, consistency, and timeliness. A total of 50 subjects’ serum samples, 30 Kato-Katz slides (all slides were examined if less than 30 slides collected from residents were available), and 10 snail survey environments were sampled from each survey county for re-reviews. The indicator scores were analyzed using the equal weighting method, and the average scores and the coincidence rates of serum and etiologic re-review samples were calculated. In addition, the difference in the average score was compared with rank sum test between elimination, nonendemic areas and non-elimination areas. Results The 22 evaluation counties included 7 surveillance counties and 2 nonendemic counties in schistosomiasis elimination provinces, and 13 epidemic surveillance counties in non-elimination provinces. The average score was (9.04 ± 0.79) points in 22 evaluation counties, and (8.92 ± 0.76) points in surveillance counties in non-elimination provinces and (9.22 ± 0.83) points in surveillance and nonendemic counties in elimination provinces (Z = -0.889, P > 0.05). The average scores for standardization, integrity, accuracy, consistency, and timeliness of schistosomiasis surveillance programmes were (1.86 ± 0.35), (1.73 ± 0.46), (1.77 ± 0.43), (1.95 ± 0.21), and (1.73 ± 0.46) points in 22 survey counties, respectively. Among the survey counties, there were 3 counties with insufficient surveillance funds, 6 with incomplete original records of snail surveys, 3 with inconsistent qualitative between original and re-review results of 7 serum samples, 3 with inaccurate snail monitoring results (including longitude and latitude of snail surveillance, and snail survey diagram), 1 with inconsistent original data with total numbers in statistical tables, and 6 with failure in timely data update, entry, and management. Conclusion The quality of national schistosomiasis surveillance programmes is high in surveillance counties in China; however, the timeliness and standardization remain to be further improved. Sustainable fund and material supports and improved capability through training among monitoring professionals are required to ensure the quality of surveillance programmes.