目的 回顾性分析四川省凉山彝族自治州恙螨种类构成、分类名录和感染状况等，以期为该地区恙虫病及其媒介恙螨的监测和防控提供科学依据。 方法 2013—2020年间对凉山彝族自治州木里藏族自治县、冕宁县、昭觉县、盐源县、德昌县、会东县等6个县进行现场调查，不同生境常规采集鼠类等小兽体表恙螨并用霍氏液封制恙螨玻片标本，逐一鉴定到种。计算感染率（P_M）、平均多度（MA）和感染度（MI）等感染指标，及丰富度指数（S）、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H’）、Pielou均匀度（E）和Simpson优势度指数（D）等群落指标。通过物种稀疏曲线、外推曲线和样本覆盖率判定采样充分程度。通过Spearson相关系数分析主要恙螨间的种间关系，采用双边网络分析宿主动物与恙螨间相互关系。 结果 从3目4科14属24种778只鼠类等小兽宿主体表鉴定出2科3亚科14属132种20 313只恙螨，其中有15种媒介或潜在媒介恙螨。纤恙螨属构成比最高（占75.3%，15 296/20 313）。凉山全境小兽体表恙螨的总P_M 为65.2%，总MA为26.11只/兽，总MI 为 40.07只/兽，S = 32，H’ = 3.20，E = 0.65，D = 0.92；样本覆盖率为99.9%。恙螨感染指标随海拔梯度升高呈逐渐降低趋势，群落指标随海拔梯度增高呈先增高后降低趋势。在132种恙螨中，5种优势恙螨构成比为52.4%，5种优势恙螨和5中主要媒介恙螨两两之间呈不同程度的正相关关系（r = 0.19~0.87，P < 0.01）。双边网络分析显示，一种宿主可以承载多种恙螨，一种恙螨可以寄生多种宿主。 结论 凉山彝族自治州恙螨种类丰富，物种多样性高，宿主感染普遍且感染严重，不同海拔地带恙螨感染和恙螨群落结构存在差异；主要恙螨之间有同时选择同一宿主和种间共存倾向；该州纤恙螨属大量存在，有15种媒介恙螨共存，且多数恙螨宿主特异性低，增加了该州恙虫病持续传播的潜在风险。

Objective To retrospectively analyze the species composition, list of classification, and infection prevalence of chigger mites in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, so as to provide insights into monitoring and prevention and control of scrub typhus and its vector chigger mites in the prefecture. Methods Field surveys were conducted in six counties of Muli Tibetan Autonomous County, Mianning County, Zhaojue County, Yanyuan County, Dechang County, and Huidong County in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture from 2013 to 2020. Chigger mites were collected from the surface of murines and small mammals in different habitats, enveloped with Hoyer’s medium to generate slide specimens of chigger mites, and individually characterized to species. The prevalence (P_M), mean abundance (MA), and intensity of chigger mite infections (MI) were calculated, and the community indicators of chigger mites were estimated, including richness index (S), Shannon Wiener diversity index (H’), Pielou evenness (E), and Simpson dominance index (D). The adequacy of sampling was determined using species rarefaction curves, extrapolation curves, and sample coverage. In addition, the interspecific relationships among main chigger mites were examined using Spearson correlation coefficients, and the interrelationships between host animals and chigger mites were evaluated using bilateral network analysis. Results A total of 20 313 chigger mites were identified from the surface of 778 murines and other small mammal hosts belonging to 24 species, 14 genera, 4 families and 3 orders, including 132 species (15 vector or potential vector chigger mites), 14 genera, 3 subfamilies and 2 families, and Leptotrombidium was the dominant genus (75.3%, 15 296/20 313). The gross P_M, MA, MI, S, H’, E and D of chigger mites were 65.2%, 26.11 mites/animal, 40.07 mites/animal, 32, 3.20, 0.65, and 0.92 on the surface of small mammals across Liangshan, with sample coverage of 99.9%. The P_M, MA and MI of chigger mites appeared a tendency towards a decline with the rise in elevation, and the community indicators of chigger mites appeared a tendency towards a rise followed by a decline with the rise in elevation. Of 132 species of chigger mites, the constituent ratio of five dominant species was 52.4%, and there were positive correlations with varying degrees among 5 dominant chigger mites and 5 main vector chigger mites (r = 0.19-0.87, P < 0.01). Bilateral network analysis revealed that one host harbored multiple species of chigger mites and one species of chigger mites was parasitized in multiple species of hosts. Conclusion Chigger mites are abundant in species and high in species diversity in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture. The prevalence of chigger mite infections is common and high in hosts, and the prevalence of chigger mite infections and community structure of chigger mites vary in elevation. The main chigger mites have a tendency towards choosing the same host and interspecific coexistence in Liangshan, and Leptotrombidium genus is widespread in Liangshan. There are 15 species of vector chigger mites, and most present a low specificity to hosts, which increases the potential risk of continuous transmission of scrub typhus in Liangshan.