为探讨重庆市荣昌区务农种植人员钩虫感染现状及其危险因素，于2024年以随机整群抽样方法抽取重庆市荣昌区东、西、南、北、中的5个自然村的务农种植人员为调查对象，通过问卷调查收集社会人口学特征、居住环境、农业劳作方式及卫生习惯等信息。采集调查对象粪便样品（> 30 g），改良加藤厚涂片法（一粪两检）检测钩虫感染情况。采集中度和重度感染者家庭土壤样品（每户户外田地或菜园土样和厕所周边阴凉处土样各1份）进行钩蚴分离，以美洲钩虫ITS2序列和十二指肠钩虫5.8S rRNA序列为分子靶标进行多重PCR扩增，邻接法（NJ）构建系统进化树。感染率的比较方法采用χ²和χ²_趋势检验，独立危险因素分析采用条件Logistic回归模型。 结果显示，563名调查对象钩虫感染率为14.9%（84/563）。钩虫感染者平均感染度为841.4，其中轻、中和重度感染者分别占57.1%（48/84）、34.5%（29/84）和8.3%（7/84）。调查对象人群近5年内均未进行过肠道寄生虫查治，且未报告有钩虫感染相关的症状或体征。各组中年龄≥ 60岁（17.7%，65/367）、文化程度为文盲（27.8%，10/36）、家庭年收入< 20 000元（20.1%，59/294）、每年种植劳作时间≥ 1个月（17.7%，73/412）、家厕类型为老式旱厕（2/10）、种植旱田农作物（15.7%，84/534）、使用人粪施肥（20.6%，75/364）、经常/偶尔赤足下地劳作（21.3%，68/320）、经常/偶尔落地食物不洗捡食（18.6%，54/291）、经常/偶尔喝生水（18.2%，53/291）、经常/偶尔便后不洗手（21.8%，58/266）等人群钩虫感染率较高（χ² = 8.022、8.920、15.780、9.476、9.793、4.194、26.213、23.402、6.275、5.145、18.827，均P < 0.05）。随着年龄增加、文化程度降低、家庭年收入减少和家厕卫生状况变差，钩虫感染率升高（χ²_趋势 = 7.105、8.836、8.836、7.121，均P < 0.05）。使用人粪施肥（OR = 4.041，95%CI：1.937~8.429）、赤足下地劳作（OR = 2.726，95%CI：1.506~4.935）是务农种植人员钩虫感染的独立危险因素。60份土壤样品分离钩蚴后PCR扩增，6份呈阳性，均鉴定为美洲钩虫。建议进一步加强感染监测与治疗，开展重点人群健康教育及卫生行为干预，推进农村地区厕所环境整治及粪便无害化处理，切断传播途径以有效降低钩虫病流行风险。

In order to investigate the current prevalence and risk factors of hookworm infections among agricultural planters in Rongchang District, Chongqing Municipality, agricultural planters were sampled using a random cluster sampling method from 5 natural villages in eastern, western, southern, northern and central parts of Rongchang District, Chongqing Municipality in 2024, and participants’ socio-demographic characteristics, living environments, agricultural labor style, and hygiene habits were collected through questionnaire surveys. Participants’ stool samples (> 30 g) were collected, and hookworm infection was detected using a Kato-Katz technique (two slides of one stool sample). Soil samples were collected from households with moderate and severe hookworm infections (one soil sample from each outdoor field or vegetable garden and one sample from a shaded area neighboring the toilet) for hookworm larval isolation. The ITS2 gene sequence of Necator americanus and the 5.8S rRNA gene sequence of Ancylostoma duodenale were amplified using multiplex PCR assay, and a phylogenetic tree was created using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method. Differences of prevalence of hookworm infections were compared with Chi-square test and Chi-square test for trend, and the independent risk factors of hookworm infections were identified using a conditional logistic regression model. The prevalence of hookworm infections was 14.9% (84/563) among 563 participants, with a mean infection intensity of 841.4, and the proportions of mild, moderate, and severe infections were 57.1% (48/84), 34.5% (29/84), and 8.3% (7/84), respectively. The participants had no history of examination or treatment for intestinal parasites during the past 5 years, and had no complaints of any hookworm infections-related symptoms or signs. Age of ≥ 60 years (17.7%, 65/367), an education level of illiteracy (27.8%, 10/36), annual family income < 20 000 RMB (20.1%, 59/294), annual growing labor duration of one month and longer (17.7%, 73/412), use of pit toilets (2/10), growing dryland crops (15.7%, 84/534), use of human feces as fertilizers (20.6%, 75/364), frequent/occasional barefoot labors (21.3%, 68/320), frequent/occasional consumption of food falling to the ground without washing (18.6%, 54/291), frequent/occasional drinking of unboiling water (18.2%, 53/291), frequent/occasional not handwashing post-defecation (21.8%, 58/266) resulted in a relatively higher incidence rate of hookworm infections among participants (χ² = 8.022, 8.920, 15.780, 9.476, 9.793, 4.194, 26.213, 23.402, 6.275, 5.145, 18.827, all P < 0.05), and the prevalence of hookworm infections increased with age, reduced educational levels, decreased annual household incomes and poor hygiene of household toilets (χ²_trend = 7.105, 8.836, 8.836, 7.121, all P < 0.05). Conditional logistic regression analysis identified use of human feces as fertilizers [odds ratio (OR) = 4.041, 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.937, 8.429)] and barefoot labor [OR = 2.726, 95% CI: (1.506, 4.935)] as independent risk factors for hookworm infections among agricultural planters. Hookworm larvae were isolated from 60 soil samples, and PCR assay tested positive in 6 samples, which were all characterized as N. americanus. It is recommended to intensify the surveillance and treatment of hookworm infections, implement health education and health behavior interventions among high-risk populations, improve toilet environmental modifications and harmless treatment of night soil in rural areas, and block the transmission routes of hookworm infection, in order to effectively reduce the risk of transmission of hookworm disease.