目的 了解2004—2023年杭州市流动人群血吸虫病监测情况，对病例流行特征进行分析。方法 2004—2023年杭州市流动人群血吸虫病监测资料来源于杭州市疾病预防控制中心监测年报表、史料汇编和年度血吸虫病防治工作总结；疫情资料来源于中国疾病预防控制中心传染病报告信息管理系统直报数据、确诊病例流行病学个案调查表及调查报告等，采用主动结合被动的方式对来自血吸虫病流行区的流动人群进行监测。收集监测人数、血清学阳性人数、粪检人数、粪检阳性人数、尿检人数、尿检阳性人数及确诊病例性别、年龄、职业、原籍地、临床症状体征、疫水接触史、感染地及就诊情况等数据。运用SPSS26.0、R4.1.0软件进行统计学分析，采用描述性流行病学方法对病例三间分布、感染地、临床诊疗等情况进行分析。结果 2004—2023年杭州市流动人群血吸虫病年平均血清学阳性率为0.51%（1 188/234 415)，2004年最高，为1.37%（115/8 366）；2023年最低，为0.01%（1/8 160），呈逐年下降趋势（Z = -4.190，P < 0.05）；共确诊血吸虫病病例40例，均为输入性病例（境内34例，境外6例），其中急性日本血吸虫病8例、慢性日本血吸虫病26例，埃及血吸虫病3例、间插血吸虫病2例、曼氏血吸虫病1例。病例主要为男性（占85.0%，34/40），职业以学生、务工人员及农民为主（占65.0%，26/40）。2019—2023年病例均为境外输入，集中在临安区（3例）和西湖区（2例）。34例境内输入病例感染地主要为江西（占41.2%，14/34）、安徽（占29.4%，10/34）、湖北（占20.6%，7/34）；6例境外输入病例中，5例为非洲籍在杭留学生、1例为安徽籍援非务工人员，感染地分别为赤道几内亚（2例）、几内亚（1例）、赞比亚（1例）、尼日利亚（1例）及津巴布韦（1例）等非洲血吸虫病流行区。急性日本血吸虫病病例报告时间集中在7~9月，占7/8，症状以发热（8/8）、嗜酸粒细胞增多（7/8）为主。35.5%（11/31）的病例出现误诊或漏诊情况，省、市、县级医疗机构分别占4/11、2/11、5/11。结论 杭州市流动人群血吸虫血清学阳性率目前呈低水平，病例出现由境内输入转向境外输入为主，报告地由外来务工人员集中地向非洲籍留学生集中的高校转变，各级医疗机构仍存在误诊或漏诊情况。

Objective To analyze schistosomiasis surveillance Results among transient population in Hangzhou City from 2004 to 2023, and to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of schistosomiasis cases. Methods Schistosomiasis surveillance data among transient population in Hangzhou City from 2004 to 2023 were retrieved from the annual schistosomiasis surveillance reports, historical materials compilation and annual summary of schistosomiasis control in Hangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and data pertaining to schistosomiasis epidemics were captured from the Notifiable Disease Report Information Management System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, epidemiological case investigation forms and investigation reports of confirmed schistosomiasis cases. Schistosomiasis surveillance was performed among transient population from endemic foci by means of active and passive approaches. The number of transient population monitored for schistosomiasis, number of seropositives, number of transient population receiving stool examinations, number of transient population receiving urine tests and number of transient population positive for urine tests, and the gender, age, occupation, place of origin, clinical symptoms and signs, history of exposure to infested water, place of infection, and local work, living and healthcare-seeking behaviors of confirmed schistosomiasis cases were collected. All data were analyzed statistically using the SPSS 26.0 software and R 4.1.0 package, and the temporal, spatial and population distribution, place of infection, and clinical diagnosis and treatment of schistosomiasis patients were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method. Results The mean seroprevalence of schistosomiasis was 0.51% (1 188/234 415) among transient population in Hangzhou City from 2004 to 2023, with the highest in 2004 (1.37%, 115/8 366) and the lowest in 2023 (0.01%, 1/8 160), and the seroprevalence of schistosomiasis appeared a tendency towards a decline over years from 2004 to 2023 (Z = ‒4.190, P < 0.05). There were 40 confirmed schistosomiasis cases, and all were imported cases (34 domestically imported cases and 6 overseas imported cases), including 8 case with acute schistosomiasis, 26 cases with chronic schistosomiasis, 3 cases with schistosomiasis haematobia, 2 cases with schistosomiasis intercalate and 1 case with schistosomiasis mansoni. Man was the predominant gender (85.0%, 34/40) and the occupation mainly included students, labors and farmers (65.0%, 26/40). The schistosomiasis patients detected from 2019 to 2023 were all overseas imported, and were concentrated in Lin’an District (3 cases) and Xihu District (2 cases), and the 34 domestically imported cases mainly acquired infections in Jiangxi Province (41.2%, 14/34), Anhui Province (29.4%, 10/34) and Hubei Province (20.6%, 7/34). Of the 6 overseas imported cases, 5 cases were foreign students with African nationality and another case was a labor with Anhui household registration that worked in Africa, and the place of acquiring infections included Equatorial Guinea (2), Guinea (1), Zambia (1), Nigeria (1) and Zimbabwe (1). Acute schistosomiasis japonica was mainly reported during the period between July and September (7/8), and the symptoms mainly included fever (8/8) and eosinophilia (7/8), 35.5% (11/31) of cases were misdiagnosed or missed, accounting for 4/11, 2/11, and 5/11 of the provincial, municipal, and county-level medical institutions, respectively. Conclusion The seroprevalence of schistosomiasis is low among transient population in Hangzhou City, with schistosomiasis cases shifting from domestic importation to overseas importation and location of case reporting shifting from concentrated areas of migrant labors to universities with a concentration of African students. In addition, misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis remains in medical institutions at all levels.