收稿日期: 2025-04-01
修回日期: 2025-04-06
网络出版日期: 2025-04-23
Epidemiological characteristics of malaria in China, 2024
Received date: 2025-04-01
Revised date: 2025-04-06
Online published: 2025-04-23
收集监测报告管理系统中2024年全国31个省（自治区、直辖市，未包括台湾、香港和澳门地区）和新疆生产建设兵团疟疾流行病学个案调查表，对疟疾疫情特征进行统计分析。2024年全国报告疟疾病例3 157例，较2023年（2 488例）增加了26.9%；其中境外输入性病例3 155例，输血感染病例2例；恶性疟2 008例（占63.6%，2 008/3 157），间日疟798例（占25.3%，798/3 157），卵形疟274例（占8.7%，274/3 157），三日疟65例（占2.1%，65/3 157），混合感染12例（占0.4%，12/3 157）。男女性别比为12.4∶1；30~39岁年龄组的病例最多（占28.3%，895/3 157）；以出境务工为主（占69.2%，2 183/3 155）。除西藏自治区和新疆生产建设兵团外，其余30个省份均有疟疾病例报告，病例数位居前5位的省份依次为云南（564例）、广东（246例）、河南（241例）、山东（232例）和四川（220例），累计报告1 503例（占47.6%，1 503/3 157）。全国报告疟疾危重症病例112例（占3.5%，112/3 157），死亡病例15例（占0.5%，15/3 157）。我国已经连续8年无本土原发蚊传疟疾病例报告，但境外输入性疟疾带来的风险持续存在，须提高监测系统敏感性，及时发现、救治病例，减少恶性疟发展为危重症甚至死亡，避免间日疟引起继发传播。
张丽 , 夏志贵 , 李石柱 . 2024年全国疟疾疫情特征分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2025 , 43(2) : 162 -166 . DOI: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2025.02.002
The individual malaria case information forms in 31 Provinces/Municipalities/Autonomous Regions (excluding Taiwai, Hong Kong, Macao) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps of China in 2024 were collected from “Information System for Infectious Disease Surveillance”. The epidemiological characteristic of malaria cases was analyzed. In 2024, a total of 3 157 malaria cases were reported, which was increased by 26.9% compared to that in 2023 (2 488). Of these cases, 3 155 imported cases and 2 blood transfusion-induced cases were identified. The reported cases included 2 008 falciparum malaria (63.6%, 2 008/3 157), 798 vivax malaria (25.3%, 798/3 157), 274 ovale malaria (8.7%, 274/3 157), 65 malariae malaria (2.1%, 65/3 157) and 12 cases with mixed-infection (0.5%, 12/3 157). The male-to-female ratio was 12.4 ∶1, with the 30-39 age group having the highest number of cases (28.3%, 895/3 157), primarily among overseas laborers (69.2%, 2 183/3 155). Other 30 provinces except the Xizang and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps reported malaria cases. The top five provinces by case numbers were Yunnan (564), Guangdong (246), Henan (241), Shandong (232) and Sichuan (220), cumulatively reporting 1 503 cases (47.6%, 1 503/3 157). A total of 112 severe malaria cases (3.5%, 112/3 157) and 15 deaths (0.5%, 15/3 157) were reported. There has been no reported local mosquito-borne malaria cases for eight consecutive years, but risks from imported malaria persist. It is critical to enhance the sensitivity of the surveillance system, ensure timely detection and treatment of cases, reduce the progression of falciparum malaria to severe or death, and prevent secondary transmission caused by vivax malaria.
Key words： Malaria; Epidemiological characteristics; China
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