目的 了解内蒙古自治区棘球蚴病流行范围和程度，为科学防控提供依据。方法 2012—2018年采用分层整群抽样法对内蒙古11个盟市的36个旗（县、市、区）进行棘球蚴病流行基线抽样调查与分析，各旗（县、市、区）调查约3 200人，采用超声检测诊断人棘球蚴病患病情况并记录信息。在调查村养犬户随机采集犬的粪样（每户1条犬），采用ELISA法检测犬粪棘球绦虫抗原。内脏剖检法检查家畜（羊）棘球蚴感染情况。结果 22个旗（县、市、区）发现棘球蚴病患者，其中牧业区15个、半农半牧区5个、农业区2个。发现病例数最多旗县为西乌珠穆沁旗（16例，占21.6%），患病率介于0.10%~0.50%的旗（县、市、区）有6个，介于0.03%~0.10%的有16个。共调查115 155人，共检出74例棘球蚴病患者，均为细粒棘球蚴病，患病率为0.11%（74/115 155）。女性（患病率0.08％，51/60 544）、30~59岁年龄段（占比60.81%，45/74）、牧民（占比55.41%，41/74）文化程度为小学（患病率0.10%，39/39 237）和游牧人群（患病率0.29%，6/2 097）人群是高风险人群。36个旗（县、市、区）采集犬粪17 909份，犬粪棘球绦虫抗原阳性率为1.84％（330/17 909）。26个旗（县、市、区）发现阳性犬粪，犬粪阳性率≥ 5.00%的有1个（新巴尔虎右旗11.75%），1.00%~5.00%的有18个，0.29%~1.00%的有8个。33个旗（县、市、区）共检查羊32 100头，羊棘球蚴病患病率为0.46％。14个旗（县、市、区）发现棘球蚴患病羊，患病率介于0.10%~7.30%，患病率 > 1.00%的旗（县、市、区）有3个，均为牧业区。结论 内蒙古棘球蚴病流行范围较广，整体流行水平较低。存在明显的地区和人群聚集分布特征，应加强重点地域和人群的防控工作。

Objective To investigate the epidemiology of echinococcosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, so as to provide insights into echinococcosis control. Methods Baseline surveys on the epidemiology of echinococcosis were performed using a stratified cluster sampling method in 36 banners (counties, cities, districts) across 11 leagues (cities) in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2012 to 2018. Approximately 3 200 residents were recruited in each banner (county, city, district), and human echinococcosis was diagnosed with ultrasound. Fecal samples were randomly collected from one dog per household in the surveyed villages, and the Echinococcus coproantigen was detected using ELISA in dogs. In addition, Echinococcus infection was identified using necropsy in livestock (sheep). Results Echinococcosis patients were diagnosed in 22 banners (counties, cities, districts), including 15 in pastoral areas, 5 in semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas, and 2 in agricultural areas. The highest number of echinococcosis cases was recorded in Xiwuzhumuqin Banner (16 cases, 21.6% of all cases), and there were 6 banners (counties, cities, districts) with echinococcosis prevalence of 0.10% to 0.50%, and 16 with prevalence of 0.03% to 0.10%. A total of 115 155 residents received ultrasound screening for echinococcosis, and 74 residents were diagnosed with echinococcosis (all cystic echinococcosis), with a prevalence rate of 0.11% (74/115 155). Women (0.08% prevalence, 51/60 544), residents at ages of 30 to 59 years (accounting for 60.81%, 45/74), herders (accounting for 55.41%, 41/74), residents with an educational level of primary school (0.10% prevalence, 39/39 237), and nomadic populations (0.29% prevalence, 6/2 097) were identified at a high risk of echinococcosis. A total of 17 909 dog feces samples were collected from 36 banners (counties, cities, districts), and the positive rate of Echinococcus coproantigen was 1.84% (330/17 909) in dogs. Dog feces positive for Echinococcus coproantigen was detected in 26 banners (counties, cities, districts), and there was one banner with a 5.00% and higher positive rate of Echinococcus coproantigen in dogs (New Barag Right Banner, 11.75%), 18 banners (counties, cities, districts) with positive rates of 1.00% to 5.00% and 8 banners (counties, cities, districts) with positive rates of 0.29% to 1.00%. A total of 32 100 sheep were examined for echinococcosis in 33 banners (counties, cities, districts), and the prevalence of echinococcosis was 0.46%. Sheep with echinococcosis were found in 14 banners (counties, cities, districts), with echinococcosis prevalence of 0.10% to 7.30%, and there were 3 banners (counties, cities, districts) with echinococcosis prevalence of > 1.00%, all in pastoral areas. Conclusion Echinococcosis is widely but overall lowly prevalent in Inner Mongolia, and there are obvious regional and population clustering distributions. Intensified echinococcosis prevention and control is recommended in key areas and populations.