目的 分析截至2023年底已达血吸虫病消除标准的上海、浙江、福建、广东和广西等5省（直辖市、自治区）（简称消除五省）消除复核后血吸虫病疫情概况，为进一步控制和消除血吸虫病提供科学依据。 方法 收集并分析2015—2023年全国血吸虫病防治信息管理系统中上海、浙江、福建、广东和广西等消除五省血吸虫病流行县（市、区）的人群查病、家畜查病、查螺灭螺等血吸虫病防治相关数据和中国疾病预防控制信息系统监测报告管理系统中的血吸虫病病例报告信息。 结果 2015—2023年消除五省共报告血吸虫病例64例，其中国内其他省份输入日本血吸虫病病例50例，其他国家输入非洲血吸虫病病例14例。消除五省历史血吸虫病流行县112个，血吸虫病患者数由2015年的1 038例降至2023年的780例，下降了24.86%。无本地感染病例报告，现存血吸虫病患者为本地晚期血吸虫病病例（1 028例）和输入性血吸虫病病例（10例），且均集中分布于浙江省。人群血检阳性率由2015年的0.59%（827/141 204）降至2023年的0.17%（228/136 002），其中以浙江常山的平均血检阳性率最高（1.87%，1 469/78 484）。耕牛存栏数从2015年的125 362头降至2023年的60 267头，下降了51.93%；血检查病耕牛29 298头次，仅2015年查出血检阳性耕牛8头；粪检查病耕牛4 284头次，未检出阳性耕牛。2015—2023年，38个县有钉螺分布报告；实有钉螺面积呈波动上升趋势，从2015年的75.26 hm²（1 hm² = 10 000 m²）增加至2023年的86.35 hm²；山丘型和水网型为钉螺分布主要环境类型。2015—2018年，消除五省新发钉螺面积逐年增加，至2018年为12.57 hm²；2019—2023年新发钉螺面积呈波动趋势，至2023年降至0.56 hm²。2015—2023年消除五省药物灭螺面积为2 076.95~2 307.35 hm²，累计药物灭螺面积19 735.08 hm²；环境改造灭螺面积110.63 hm²，其中广东省灭螺面积最大，为58.53 hm²（占52.91%）。 结论 消除五省持续巩固血吸虫病消除成果，建议消除五省今后坚持查灭残存钉螺和防控外源性传染源为主的防治理念，重视钉螺新发问题，继续强化相关风险监测与疫情信息管理，巩固血吸虫病消除成果。

Objective To analyze the schistosomiasis epidemic situation post-reassessment in five provinces (Municipality, Autonomous Region) that have achieved schistosomiasis elimination as of the end of 2023, including Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, and Guangxi, and to provide scientific evidence for further control and elimination of schistosomiasis. Methods The data relevant to schistosomiasis control and including examinations in residents and livestock, snail survey and molluscaciding in endemic counties, cities, and districts of Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, and Guangxi in 2015 to 2023 were collected from National Schistosomiasis Control and Prevention Information Management System, as well as schistosomiasis case report information from China CDC management System of Systematic Surveillance Reports of Disease Prevention and Control Information. The data collected were analyzed. Results From 2015 to 2023, 64 cases of schistosomiasis were reported in five provinces, including 50 cases of schistosomiasis japonica imported from other provinces in China and 14 cases of African schistosomiasis imported from other countries. Schistosomiasis eleimination achieved in 112 historically endemic counties in the five provinces, where the number of schistosomiasis cases decreased from 1 038 in 2015 to 780 in 2023, showing a 24.86% reduction, and no local infection cases were reported. The existing schistosomiasis cases were comprised of local advanced schistosomiasis (1 028 cases) and imported schistosomiasis cases (10 cases), all of which were distributed in Zhejiang Province. The overall serological tests positive rate was 0.59% in 2015 (827/141 204) to 0.17% in 2023 (228/136 002). Among them, the average sero-positive rate in Changshan County of Zhejiang Province was the highest (1.87%, 1 469/78 484). The number of bovines decreased by 51.93% from 125 362 in 2015 to 60 267 in 2023, 29 298 received serological examinations, with 8 positive detected in 2015 only. A total of 4 284 bovines received stool examinations, with no positives identified. From 2015 to 2023, snail distribution was reported in 38 counties. The actual snail habitats increased from 75.26 hm² (1 hm² = 10 000 m²) in 2015 to 86.35 hm² in 2023. Hill and water network types were the main snail habitat types. From 2015 to 2018, the area of emerging snail habitats increased annually, peaking at 12.57 hm² in 2018, while from 2019 to 2023, the area was fluctuated and decreased to 0.56 hm² by 2023. From 2015 to 2023, molluscicide treatment was annually performed in 2 076.95 hm² to 2 307.35 hm² snail habitats, 19 735.08 hm² snail habitats received molluscicide treatment in total throughout the 9 years. Environmental improvements were performed in snail habitats covering an area of 110.63 hm², among which Guangdong Province had the largest improved area (58.53 hm², 52.91%). Conclusion The five provinces have been continueing to consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis elimination. It is recommended that the five provinces persist the control concept of surveying and eliminating remaining snails and preventing exogenous sources of infection, underline the issue of emerging and reemerging snail habitats, and continuously strengthen risk surveillance and epidemic information management to consolidate the achievements in schistosomiasis elimination.