为了解山东省人体土源性线虫感染现状，为优化防控策略提供科学依据，2021—2022年采取整群抽样方法随机抽取山东省27个县（市、区）作为监测点，各监测点按地理方位划分为东、西、南、北、中5个片区，每片区随机抽取1个乡镇的1个行政村，每行政村3周岁以上常住人口抽取不少于200人作为监测对象。收集监测对象的基本信息及粪便样品，用改良加藤厚涂片法（Kato-Katz法，一粪二检）检测蠕虫卵并计数，试管滤纸培养法鉴别钩虫虫种，透明胶纸肛拭法检查3~9岁儿童蛲虫感染情况。建立数据库，利用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析，计算感染率、感染度，感染率间的比较采用卡方检验。2021—2022年共检测29 622人，土源性线虫总感染率为0.55%（162/29 622）。钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫的感染率分别为0.02%（7/29 622）、0.02%（6/29 622）、0.51%（152/29 622），钩虫经培养鉴定均为十二指肠钩虫。152名鞭虫感染者中，重度感染2人，中度感染6人，其余均为轻度感染；6名蛔虫感染者和7名钩虫感染者均为轻度感染。鲁南、鲁东、鲁西北、鲁中地区土源性线虫感染率分别为0.97%（118/12 208）、0.84%（43/5 117）、0.01%（1/7 140）、0（0/5 157）。男性、女性土源性线虫感染率分别为0.55%（79/14 362）和0.54%（83/15 260）（χ² = 0.005，P > 0.05）；各年龄组中，60~99岁组土源性线虫感染率最高，为1.11%（107/9 612）（χ² = 86.274，P < 0.05）；各职业中，农民土源性线虫感染率最高，为0.78%（148/18 863）（χ² = 54.078，P < 0.05）；不同文化程度人群中，文盲/半文盲人群土源性线虫感染率最高，为2.43%（60/2 468）（χ² = 175.458，P < 0.05）。共检测2 584名儿童，蛲虫感染率为1.16%（30/2 584）。男童、女童蛲虫感染率分别为1.60%（22/1 375）、0.66%（8/1 209）（χ² = 4.936，P < 0.05）；各年龄中7岁组儿童感染率最高，为4.50%（15/333）（χ² = 39.798，P < 0.05）。山东省土源性线虫感染呈现地区、人群分布不均衡的特征，提示今后应在土源性线虫病监测的基础上，加强重点地区的防治，做好重点人群健康宣教，持续降低人群感染率。

In order to understand the current situation of soil-transmitted nematode infections in humans in Shandong Province and provide the scientific basis for optimizing prevention and control strategies, from 2021 to 2022, 27 counties in Shandong Province were randomly selected as surveillance sites. Each surveillance site was divided into five regions (east, west, south, north, and central) based on geography, and one administrative village from one township was randomly selected in each region. A total of 200 permanent residents with an age of over 3 years were taken as the surveillance object from each village by cluster sampling method. Basic information and the fecal samples were collected, and the worm eggs were examined in duplicates using the modified Kato-Katz thick smear method (one sample, two slide-readings) and counted. Hookworm species were identified using the tube filter paper culture technique. Children aged 3-9 years old were tested for Enterobius termicularis by anal transparent tape. A database was established, and SPSS 26.0 software was used to perform the statistical analysis. The infection rate and Infectivity were calculated. The infection rates were analyzed using the Chi-square test. A total of 29 622 people were detected in the province in 2021-2022, and the total infection rate of soil-transmitted nematode was 0.55% (162/29 622). The infection rates of hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura were 0.02% (7/29 622), 0.02% (6/29 622) and 0.51% (152/29 622), respectively. The hookworm samples were all identified as Ancylostoma duodenale. Among the 152 trichuriasis patients, 2 were severely infected, 6 were moderately infected, and the rest were slightly infected. Six A. lumbricoides infections and seven hookworm infections were mild infections. The prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode was 0.97% (118/12 208), 0.84% (43/5 117), 0.01% (1/7 140), 0 (0/5 157) in southern, eastern, northwestern and central Shandong. The infection rate of soil-transmitted nematode was 0.55% (79/14 362) in males and 0.54% (83/15 260) in females (χ² = 0.005, P > 0.05). The age group of 60-99 had the highest infection rate among all age groups accounting for 1.11% (107/9 612) (χ² = 86.274, P > 0.05). Farmers had the highest infection rate among different occupational groups, accounting for 0.78% (148/18 863) (χ² = 54.078, P < 0.05). The illiterate or semi-illiterate group had the highest infection rate among different education levels, accounting for 2.43% (60/2 468) (χ² = 175.458, P < 0.05). A total of 2 584 children were examined, and the infection rate of E. vermicularis was 1.16% (30/2 584). The infection rate in boys and girls was 1.60% (22/1 375), 0.66% (8/1 209) (χ² = 4.936, P < 0.05). The highest rate was found in 7-year-old children, accounting for 4.50% (15/333) (χ² = 39.798, P < 0.05). The distribution of soil-transmitted nematode in Shandong Province was unbalanced among regions and populations, which indicated that the prevention and control of soil-transmitted nematode should be strengthened in key areas and carry out effective health education for key populations to reduce the infection rate continuously.