收稿日期: 2023-09-22
修回日期: 2023-11-02
网络出版日期: 2024-07-16
基金资助
国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2300800);国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2300804);上海市卫生健康委员会科研项目(20214Y0213)
A brief cognitive and historical overview of Echinococcus and echinococcosis
Received date: 2023-09-22
Revised date: 2023-11-02
Online published: 2024-07-16
Supported by
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2300800);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2300804);Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(20214Y0213)
棘球蚴病是一类严重危害人群健康和经济发展的人兽共患寄生虫病，主要由棘球绦虫的幼虫在中间宿主体内寄生和发育所导致。目前的研究进展显示，全球范围内被认定的棘球绦虫包含9个有效自然种，可导致4种类型的棘球蚴病。这种共识的认知过程伴随着研究方法和科学技术的发展，持续了超过两千年的时间。本文通过汇总和梳理参考资料，介绍了人类对于棘球绦虫和棘球蚴病的探索、识别和认知的整个过程，其中几个标志性事件是：1801年Rudolphi建立了棘球绦虫属，之后在全球范围内陆续发现了多个棘球绦虫物种；1953年Rausch基于生物学特征对棘球绦虫属进行重新分类，逐渐演变出棘球绦虫的亚种概念及其分类法；1967年Rausch提出棘球绦虫的株系概念，并在20世纪90年代被Bowles通过分子生物学方法加以证实；2013年Nakao提出系统发育物种的概念，棘球绦虫被修订为9个有效自然种，并沿用至今。此外，自1908年开始，我国先后报道了5种棘球绦虫，其中包括青藏高原地区特有的石渠棘球绦虫。本文系统性地回顾了棘球绦虫和棘球蚴病的认知历史全貌，为进一步了解棘球绦虫分类学研究进展提供了丰富的历史资料。
王旭 , 王莹 , 刘白雪 , 张凯歌 , 邓雪莹 , 沈玉娟 , 王正寰 , 曹建平 , 韩帅 . 棘球绦虫和棘球蚴病的简明认知历史[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2024 , 42(3) : 372 -383 . DOI: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2024.03.014
Echinococcosis is a kind of parasitic zoonosis that seriously endangers human health and economic development, which is mainly caused by the parasitization and development of the Echinococcus larvae in the intermediate host. According to current research advances, the globally identified Echinococcus includes 9 valid natural species, which can cause 4 types of echinococcosis. This consensus has evolved alongside the development of research methods and scientific technology over the past two thousand years. Therefore, this article introduced the whole process of human exploration, recognition and cognition of Echinococcus and echinococcosis by summarizing and combing references. The landmark historical event is that in 1801, Rudolphi established an independent genus of Echinococcus for this flatworm. After that, several species of Echinococcus have been found in the world successively. In 1953, Rausch re-classified Echinococcus based on biological characteristics and gradually developed the concept and classification method of subspecies for Echinococcus; in 1967, Rausch further proposed the concept of Echinococcus strains, which was confirmed in the 1990s by Bowles through molecular biological methods. In 2013, Nakao introduced the phylogenetic species concept, revising Echinococcus into nine valid natural species that are still in use today. In addition, this paper summarized the discovery history of Echinococcus and echinococcosis in China. Since 1908, five species of Echinococcus have been reported in China, including E. shiquicus, which was unique to the Qingzang Gaoyuan region. This article provides a systematic review of the historical understanding of Echinococcus and echinococcosis, summarizing extensive historical data to further comprehend the taxonomic research advancements of Echinococcus.
Key words： Echinococcus; Echinococcosis; Hydatidosis; History; Taxonomy
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