目的 了解广州管圆线虫感染后大鼠脑组织转录组的表达水平。方法 将32只SD大鼠随机分为对照组（12只）和感染组（20只），感染组每只大鼠经灌胃感染40条广州管圆线虫Ⅲ期幼虫，对照组灌胃等体积生理盐水。感染后1、7、14、21 d，对照组、感染组分别随机解剖3、5只，取脑组织制备石蜡切片，苏木精-伊红（HE）染色后观察脑组织病理变化。TRIzol法提取感染后14 d大鼠脑组织RNA，逆转录为cDNA后测序。选取差异表达mRNA进行基因本体论（GO）富集分析和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）代谢通路分析，采用STRING数据库预测差异表达mRNA靶蛋白之间的蛋白质互作（PPI）关系。利用生物信息学方法构建差异表达基因的竞争性内源性RNA（ceRNA）调控网络。采用qPCR验证表达差异的lncRNA。结果 HE染色结果显示，感染广州管圆线虫后14 d，感染组大鼠脑组织出现病理变化，脑海马区神经元胞浆固缩；感染后21 d，脑膜处可见寄生虫样组织。RNA测序结果显示，感染广州管圆线虫后14 d，大鼠脑组织中差异表达mRNA的数量为955个（890个上调、65个下调）；差异表达lncRNA的数量为193个（122个上调、71个下调）。GO富集分析结果显示，差异表达mRNA主要富集在炎症反应、免疫应答等生物过程，细胞成分主要为质膜外侧的胞外空间、细胞表面等，分子功能主要为趋化因子活性、趋化因子受体结合等；KEGG代谢通路分析结果显示，差异表达mRNA主要参与细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用、趋化因子等信号通路。PPI分析结果显示，差异表达基因主要的靶点为趋化因子配体11、RT1-Da、丝氨酸家族E成员1等，均与免疫应答相关。ceRNA结果显示，显著富集的miRNA如mir-466b-3p、mir-1956、mir-207和mir-328a-5p等与免疫应答、细胞凋亡、血管生成等过程有关。qPCR结果显示，感染广州管圆线虫后，感染组大鼠H19的相对转录水平逐渐升高，在感染后21 d达到峰值，为15.074 ± 3.366，高于对照组的1.000 ± 0.113（t = 13.190，P < 0.05）；RT1-CE6、LOC100910973和lncR-ncf1的相对转录水平在感染后14 d达到峰值，分别为9.702 ± 1.408、6.683 ± 1.299和7.733 ± 0.717，均高于对照组的1.003 ± 0.039、1.001 ± 0.156和0.999 ± 0.076（t = 20.760、13.830、28.810，均P < 0.01）；AABR07030796.1的相对转录水平在感染后14 d开始上升，至感染后21 d达到峰值，分别为4.485 ± 0.236和5.068 ± 1.608，均高于对照组的1.000 ± 0.159和1.001 ± 0.256（t = 7.049、8.229，均P < 0.01）。感染广州管圆线虫后14 d，大鼠脑组织中H19、RT1-CE6、LOC100910973、lncR-ncf1和AABR07030796.1的qPCR结果和RNA测序结果均显示上调，表达趋势一致。结论 广州管圆线虫感染后大鼠脑组织转录组中获得955个差异表达mRNA和193个差异表达lncRNA，主要富集在炎症反应、免疫应答等生物过程。

Objective To understand the expression levels in brain tissue transcriptome of rat infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Methods Thirty-two SD rats were randomly divided into control group (12 rats) and infected group (20 rats). The rats in the infected group were infected with 40 A. cantonensis stage Ⅲ larvae by gavage and in the control group with the same volume of saline. 8 rats (3 of the control group and 5 of the infected group) were randomly dissected to collect brain tissues, of which paraffin sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) to observe the pathological changes 1, 7, 14 and 21 days after infection. Brain tissue RNA was extracted 14 days after infection for detection of differentially expressed mRNA and lncRNA by using RNA sequencing technique. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathway analysis of differentially expressed mRNA were performed. The STRING database was used to predict protein-protein interaction (PPI) between differentially expressed mRNA target proteins. Bioinformatics was utilized to construct the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network of differentially expressed genes. The differential expression of lncRNA was verified by qPCR. Results HE staining showed that pathological changes appeared in the rat brains of the infected group 14 days after infection with A. cantonensis, with cytoplasmic consolidation in the hippocampal neurons and parasite-like tissues could be seen at the meninges 21 days after infection. RNA sequencing result showed that the number of differentially expressed mRNAs in the rat brains was 955 (890 up-regulated and 65 down-regulated) 14 days after infection; the number of differentially expressed lncRNA was 193 (122 up-regulated and 71 down-regulated). GO enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed mRNAs were mainly enriched in biological processes such as inflammatory response and immune response, the cellular components were mainly the extracellular space outside of the plasma membrane and the cell surface, and the molecular functions were mainly the chemokine activity and chemokine receptor binding. KEGG metabolic pathway analysis showed that the differentially expressed mRNAs were mainly involved in signaling pathways such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions and chemokines. PPI analysis showed that the main targets were chemokine ligand 11, RT1-Da, and serine family E member 1, all of which were associated with immune responses. ceRNA results showed that significantly enriched miRNAs such as mir-466b-3p, mir-1956, mir-207 and mir-328a-5p were associated with immune responses, apoptosis, angiogenesis and other processes. qPCR results showed that the H19 relative transcription level of rats in the infected group increased gradually, reaching a peak (15.074 ± 3.366) 21 days after infection, which was higher than rats in the control group (1.000 ± 0.113) (t = 13.190, P < 0.05). The relative transcript levels of RT1-CE6, LOC100910973 and lncR-ncf1 peaked 14 days after infection at 9.702 ± 1.408, 6.683 ± 1.299, and 7.733 ± 0.717, respectively, which were higher than rats in the control group (1.003 ± 0.039, 1.001 ± 0.156 and 0.999 ± 0.076) (t = 20.760, 13.830, 28.810, all P < 0.01). The AABR07030796.1 relative transcript level began to increase 14 days and peaked at 21 days after infection at 4.485 ± 0.236 and 5.068 ± 1.608, respectively, which were higher than rats in the control group (1.000 ± 0.159 and 1.001 ± 0.256) (t = 7.049, 8.229, both P < 0.01). The qPCR results and RNA sequencing results of H19, RT1-CE6, LOC100910973, lncR-ncf1 and AABR07030796.1 showed up-regulation in the rat brains of the infected group 14 days after infection with A. cantonensis with a consistent expression trend. Conclusion Total of 955 differentially expressed mRNA and 193 differentially expressed lncRNA were detected in the brain tissue of rats infected with A. cantonensis, which were mainly enriched in the inflammatory response, immune response and other biological processes.